diff --git a/src/lib/components/atoms/buttons/FileThumbnailButton.svelte b/src/lib/components/atoms/buttons/FileThumbnailButton.svelte
index c18101c..c71ff6b 100644
--- a/src/lib/components/atoms/buttons/FileThumbnailButton.svelte
+++ b/src/lib/components/atoms/buttons/FileThumbnailButton.svelte
@@ -1,42 +1,34 @@
 <script lang="ts">
-  import type { Writable } from "svelte/store";
-  import type { FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem";
+  import { browser } from "$app/environment";
+  import type { SummarizedFileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem2.svelte";
   import { requestFileThumbnailDownload } from "$lib/services/file";
 
   interface Props {
-    info: Writable<FileInfo | null>;
-    onclick?: (file: FileInfo) => void;
+    info: SummarizedFileInfo;
+    onclick?: (file: SummarizedFileInfo) => void;
   }
 
   let { info, onclick }: Props = $props();
 
-  let thumbnail: string | undefined = $state();
-
-  $effect(() => {
-    if ($info) {
-      requestFileThumbnailDownload($info.id, $info.dataKey)
-        .then((thumbnailUrl) => {
-          thumbnail = thumbnailUrl ?? undefined;
-        })
-        .catch(() => {
-          // TODO: Error Handling
-          thumbnail = undefined;
-        });
-    } else {
-      thumbnail = undefined;
-    }
-  });
+  let showThumbnail = $derived(
+    browser && (info.contentType.startsWith("image/") || info.contentType.startsWith("video/")),
+  );
+  let thumbnailPromise = $derived(
+    showThumbnail ? requestFileThumbnailDownload(info.id, info.dataKey?.key) : null,
+  );
 </script>
 
-{#if $info}
-  <button
-    onclick={() => onclick?.($info)}
-    class="aspect-square overflow-hidden rounded transition active:scale-95 active:brightness-90"
-  >
+<button
+  onclick={onclick && (() => setTimeout(() => onclick(info), 100))}
+  class="aspect-square overflow-hidden rounded transition active:scale-95 active:brightness-90"
+>
+  {#await thumbnailPromise}
+    <div class="h-full w-full bg-gray-100"></div>
+  {:then thumbnail}
     {#if thumbnail}
-      <img src={thumbnail} alt={$info.name} class="h-full w-full object-cover" />
+      <img src={thumbnail} alt={info.name} class="h-full w-full object-cover" />
     {:else}
       <div class="h-full w-full bg-gray-100"></div>
     {/if}
-  </button>
-{/if}
+  {/await}
+</button>
diff --git a/src/lib/components/organisms/Gallery.svelte b/src/lib/components/organisms/Gallery.svelte
index 1fcb4ff..fb96775 100644
--- a/src/lib/components/organisms/Gallery.svelte
+++ b/src/lib/components/organisms/Gallery.svelte
@@ -1,98 +1,48 @@
 <script lang="ts">
-  import { untrack } from "svelte";
-  import { get, type Writable } from "svelte/store";
   import { FileThumbnailButton, RowVirtualizer } from "$lib/components/atoms";
-  import type { FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem";
+  import type { SummarizedFileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem2.svelte";
   import { formatDate, formatDateSortable, SortBy, sortEntries } from "$lib/utils";
 
   interface Props {
-    files: Writable<FileInfo | null>[];
-    onFileClick?: (file: FileInfo) => void;
+    files: SummarizedFileInfo[];
+    onFileClick?: (file: SummarizedFileInfo) => void;
   }
 
   let { files, onFileClick }: Props = $props();
 
-  type FileEntry =
-    | { date?: undefined; contentType?: undefined; info: Writable<FileInfo | null> }
-    | { date: Date; contentType: string; info: Writable<FileInfo | null> };
   type Row =
     | { type: "header"; label: string }
-    | { type: "items"; items: FileEntry[]; isLast: boolean };
+    | { type: "items"; files: SummarizedFileInfo[]; isLast: boolean };
 
-  let filesWithDate: FileEntry[] = $state([]);
-  let rows: Row[] = $state([]);
+  let rows = $derived.by(() => {
+    const groups = Map.groupBy(
+      files.filter(
+        (file) => file.contentType.startsWith("image/") || file.contentType.startsWith("video/"),
+      ),
+      (file) => formatDateSortable(file.createdAt ?? file.lastModifiedAt),
+    );
+    return Array.from(groups.entries())
+      .sort(([dateA], [dateB]) => dateB.localeCompare(dateA))
+      .flatMap(([_, entries]) => {
+        const sortedEntries = [...entries];
+        sortEntries(sortedEntries, SortBy.DATE_DESC);
 
-  $effect(() => {
-    filesWithDate = files.map((file) => {
-      const info = get(file);
-      if (info) {
-        return {
-          date: info.createdAt ?? info.lastModifiedAt,
-          contentType: info.contentType,
-          info: file,
-        };
-      } else {
-        return { info: file };
-      }
-    });
-
-    const buildRows = () => {
-      const map = new Map<string, FileEntry[]>();
-
-      for (const file of filesWithDate) {
-        if (
-          !file.date ||
-          !(file.contentType.startsWith("image/") || file.contentType.startsWith("video/"))
-        ) {
-          continue;
-        }
-
-        const date = formatDateSortable(file.date);
-        const entries = map.get(date) ?? [];
-        entries.push(file);
-        map.set(date, entries);
-      }
-
-      const newRows: Row[] = [];
-      const sortedDates = Array.from(map.keys()).sort((a, b) => b.localeCompare(a));
-      for (const date of sortedDates) {
-        const entries = map.get(date)!;
-        sortEntries(entries, SortBy.DATE_DESC);
-
-        newRows.push({
-          type: "header",
-          label: formatDate(entries[0]!.date!),
-        });
-
-        for (let i = 0; i < entries.length; i += 4) {
-          newRows.push({
-            type: "items",
-            items: entries.slice(i, i + 4),
-            isLast: i + 4 >= entries.length,
-          });
-        }
-      }
-
-      rows = newRows;
-    };
-    return untrack(() => {
-      buildRows();
-
-      const unsubscribes = filesWithDate.map((file) =>
-        file.info.subscribe((value) => {
-          const newDate = value?.createdAt ?? value?.lastModifiedAt;
-          const newContentType = value?.contentType;
-          if (file.date?.getTime() === newDate?.getTime() && file.contentType === newContentType) {
-            return;
-          }
-
-          file.date = newDate;
-          file.contentType = newContentType;
-          buildRows();
-        }),
-      );
-      return () => unsubscribes.forEach((unsubscribe) => unsubscribe());
-    });
+        return [
+          {
+            type: "header",
+            label: formatDate(sortedEntries[0]!.createdAt ?? sortedEntries[0]!.lastModifiedAt),
+          },
+          ...Array.from({ length: Math.ceil(sortedEntries.length / 4) }, (_, i) => {
+            const start = i * 4;
+            const end = start + 4;
+            return {
+              type: "items" as const,
+              files: sortedEntries.slice(start, end),
+              isLast: end >= sortedEntries.length,
+            };
+          }),
+        ] satisfies Row[];
+      });
   });
 </script>
 
@@ -101,8 +51,8 @@
   itemHeight={(index) =>
     rows[index]!.type === "header"
       ? 28
-      : Math.ceil(rows[index]!.items.length / 4) * 181 +
-        (Math.ceil(rows[index]!.items.length / 4) - 1) * 4 +
+      : Math.ceil(rows[index]!.files.length / 4) * 181 +
+        (Math.ceil(rows[index]!.files.length / 4) - 1) * 4 +
         16}
   class="flex flex-grow flex-col"
 >
@@ -112,8 +62,8 @@
       <p class="pb-2 text-sm font-medium">{row.label}</p>
     {:else}
       <div class={["grid grid-cols-4 gap-x-1", row.isLast ? "pb-4" : "pb-1"]}>
-        {#each row.items as { info }}
-          <FileThumbnailButton {info} onclick={onFileClick} />
+        {#each row.files as file}
+          <FileThumbnailButton info={file} onclick={onFileClick} />
         {/each}
       </div>
     {/if}
@@ -123,8 +73,6 @@
       <p class="text-gray-500">
         {#if files.length === 0}
           업로드된 파일이 없어요.
-        {:else if filesWithDate.length === 0}
-          파일 목록을 불러오고 있어요.
         {:else}
           사진 또는 동영상이 없어요.
         {/if}
diff --git a/src/lib/modules/file/download.svelte.ts b/src/lib/modules/file/download.svelte.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c53ed0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/modules/file/download.svelte.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import axios from "axios";
+import { limitFunction } from "p-limit";
+import { decryptData } from "$lib/modules/crypto";
+
+export interface FileDownloadState {
+  id: number;
+  status:
+    | "download-pending"
+    | "downloading"
+    | "decryption-pending"
+    | "decrypting"
+    | "decrypted"
+    | "canceled"
+    | "error";
+  progress?: number;
+  rate?: number;
+  estimated?: number;
+  result?: ArrayBuffer;
+}
+
+export type LiveFileDownloadState = FileDownloadState & {
+  status: "download-pending" | "downloading" | "decryption-pending" | "decrypting";
+};
+
+let downloadingFiles: FileDownloadState[] = $state([]);
+
+export const isFileDownloading = (
+  status: FileDownloadState["status"],
+): status is LiveFileDownloadState["status"] =>
+  ["download-pending", "downloading", "decryption-pending", "decrypting"].includes(status);
+
+export const getFileDownloadState = (fileId: number) => {
+  return downloadingFiles.find((file) => file.id === fileId && isFileDownloading(file.status));
+};
+
+export const getDownloadingFiles = () => {
+  return downloadingFiles.filter((file): file is LiveFileDownloadState =>
+    isFileDownloading(file.status),
+  );
+};
+
+export const clearDownloadedFiles = () => {
+  downloadingFiles = downloadingFiles.filter((file) => isFileDownloading(file.status));
+};
+
+const requestFileDownload = limitFunction(
+  async (state: FileDownloadState, id: number) => {
+    state.status = "download-pending";
+
+    const res = await axios.get(`/api/file/${id}/download`, {
+      responseType: "arraybuffer",
+      onDownloadProgress: ({ progress, rate, estimated }) => {
+        state.progress = progress;
+        state.rate = rate;
+        state.estimated = estimated;
+      },
+    });
+    const fileEncrypted: ArrayBuffer = res.data;
+
+    state.status = "decryption-pending";
+    return fileEncrypted;
+  },
+  { concurrency: 1 },
+);
+
+const decryptFile = limitFunction(
+  async (
+    state: FileDownloadState,
+    fileEncrypted: ArrayBuffer,
+    fileEncryptedIv: string,
+    dataKey: CryptoKey,
+  ) => {
+    state.status = "decrypting";
+
+    const fileBuffer = await decryptData(fileEncrypted, fileEncryptedIv, dataKey);
+
+    state.status = "decrypted";
+    state.result = fileBuffer;
+    return fileBuffer;
+  },
+  { concurrency: 4 },
+);
+
+export const downloadFile = async (id: number, fileEncryptedIv: string, dataKey: CryptoKey) => {
+  downloadingFiles.push({
+    id,
+    status: "download-pending",
+  });
+  const state = downloadingFiles.at(-1)!;
+
+  try {
+    return await decryptFile(state, await requestFileDownload(state, id), fileEncryptedIv, dataKey);
+  } catch (e) {
+    state.status = "error";
+    throw e;
+  }
+};
diff --git a/src/lib/modules/file/download.ts b/src/lib/modules/file/download.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index b0efb30..0000000
--- a/src/lib/modules/file/download.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-import axios from "axios";
-import { limitFunction } from "p-limit";
-import { writable, type Writable } from "svelte/store";
-import { decryptData } from "$lib/modules/crypto";
-import { fileDownloadStatusStore, type FileDownloadStatus } from "$lib/stores";
-
-const requestFileDownload = limitFunction(
-  async (status: Writable<FileDownloadStatus>, id: number) => {
-    status.update((value) => {
-      value.status = "downloading";
-      return value;
-    });
-
-    const res = await axios.get(`/api/file/${id}/download`, {
-      responseType: "arraybuffer",
-      onDownloadProgress: ({ progress, rate, estimated }) => {
-        status.update((value) => {
-          value.progress = progress;
-          value.rate = rate;
-          value.estimated = estimated;
-          return value;
-        });
-      },
-    });
-    const fileEncrypted: ArrayBuffer = res.data;
-
-    status.update((value) => {
-      value.status = "decryption-pending";
-      return value;
-    });
-    return fileEncrypted;
-  },
-  { concurrency: 1 },
-);
-
-const decryptFile = limitFunction(
-  async (
-    status: Writable<FileDownloadStatus>,
-    fileEncrypted: ArrayBuffer,
-    fileEncryptedIv: string,
-    dataKey: CryptoKey,
-  ) => {
-    status.update((value) => {
-      value.status = "decrypting";
-      return value;
-    });
-
-    const fileBuffer = await decryptData(fileEncrypted, fileEncryptedIv, dataKey);
-
-    status.update((value) => {
-      value.status = "decrypted";
-      value.result = fileBuffer;
-      return value;
-    });
-    return fileBuffer;
-  },
-  { concurrency: 4 },
-);
-
-export const downloadFile = async (id: number, fileEncryptedIv: string, dataKey: CryptoKey) => {
-  const status = writable<FileDownloadStatus>({
-    id,
-    status: "download-pending",
-  });
-  fileDownloadStatusStore.update((value) => {
-    value.push(status);
-    return value;
-  });
-
-  try {
-    return await decryptFile(
-      status,
-      await requestFileDownload(status, id),
-      fileEncryptedIv,
-      dataKey,
-    );
-  } catch (e) {
-    status.update((value) => {
-      value.status = "error";
-      return value;
-    });
-    throw e;
-  }
-};
diff --git a/src/lib/modules/file/index.ts b/src/lib/modules/file/index.ts
index 3b99989..871d299 100644
--- a/src/lib/modules/file/index.ts
+++ b/src/lib/modules/file/index.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 export * from "./cache";
-export * from "./download";
+export * from "./download.svelte";
 export * from "./upload.svelte";
diff --git a/src/lib/modules/filesystem.ts b/src/lib/modules/filesystem.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 5020793..0000000
--- a/src/lib/modules/filesystem.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-import { get, writable, type Writable } from "svelte/store";
-import {
-  getFileInfo as getFileInfoFromIndexedDB,
-  storeFileInfo,
-  deleteFileInfo,
-} from "$lib/indexedDB";
-import { unwrapDataKey, decryptString } from "$lib/modules/crypto";
-import { trpc, isTRPCClientError } from "$trpc/client";
-
-export interface FileInfo {
-  id: number;
-  parentId: DirectoryId;
-  dataKey?: CryptoKey;
-  dataKeyVersion?: Date;
-  contentType: string;
-  contentIv?: string;
-  name: string;
-  createdAt?: Date;
-  lastModifiedAt: Date;
-  categoryIds: number[];
-}
-
-const fileInfoStore = new Map<number, Writable<FileInfo | null>>();
-
-const fetchFileInfoFromIndexedDB = async (id: number, info: Writable<FileInfo | null>) => {
-  if (get(info)) return;
-
-  const file = await getFileInfoFromIndexedDB(id);
-  if (!file) return;
-
-  info.set(file);
-};
-
-const decryptDate = async (ciphertext: string, iv: string, dataKey: CryptoKey) => {
-  return new Date(parseInt(await decryptString(ciphertext, iv, dataKey), 10));
-};
-
-const fetchFileInfoFromServer = async (
-  id: number,
-  info: Writable<FileInfo | null>,
-  masterKey: CryptoKey,
-) => {
-  let metadata;
-  try {
-    metadata = await trpc().file.get.query({ id });
-  } catch (e) {
-    if (isTRPCClientError(e) && e.data?.code === "NOT_FOUND") {
-      info.set(null);
-      await deleteFileInfo(id);
-      return;
-    }
-    throw new Error("Failed to fetch file information");
-  }
-  const { dataKey } = await unwrapDataKey(metadata.dek, masterKey);
-
-  const name = await decryptString(metadata.name, metadata.nameIv, dataKey);
-  const createdAt =
-    metadata.createdAt && metadata.createdAtIv
-      ? await decryptDate(metadata.createdAt, metadata.createdAtIv, dataKey)
-      : undefined;
-  const lastModifiedAt = await decryptDate(
-    metadata.lastModifiedAt,
-    metadata.lastModifiedAtIv,
-    dataKey,
-  );
-
-  info.set({
-    id,
-    parentId: metadata.parent,
-    dataKey,
-    dataKeyVersion: new Date(metadata.dekVersion),
-    contentType: metadata.contentType,
-    contentIv: metadata.contentIv,
-    name,
-    createdAt,
-    lastModifiedAt,
-    categoryIds: metadata.categories,
-  });
-  await storeFileInfo({
-    id,
-    parentId: metadata.parent,
-    name,
-    contentType: metadata.contentType,
-    createdAt,
-    lastModifiedAt,
-    categoryIds: metadata.categories,
-  });
-};
-
-const fetchFileInfo = async (id: number, info: Writable<FileInfo | null>, masterKey: CryptoKey) => {
-  await fetchFileInfoFromIndexedDB(id, info);
-  await fetchFileInfoFromServer(id, info, masterKey);
-};
-
-export const getFileInfo = (fileId: number, masterKey: CryptoKey) => {
-  // TODO: MEK rotation
-
-  let info = fileInfoStore.get(fileId);
-  if (!info) {
-    info = writable(null);
-    fileInfoStore.set(fileId, info);
-  }
-
-  fetchFileInfo(fileId, info, masterKey); // Intended
-  return info;
-};
diff --git a/src/lib/modules/filesystem2.svelte.ts b/src/lib/modules/filesystem2.svelte.ts
index 01514cb..eeb3766 100644
--- a/src/lib/modules/filesystem2.svelte.ts
+++ b/src/lib/modules/filesystem2.svelte.ts
@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ interface RootDirectoryInfo {
 export type DirectoryInfo = LocalDirectoryInfo | RootDirectoryInfo;
 export type SubDirectoryInfo = Omit<LocalDirectoryInfo, "parentId" | "subDirectories" | "files">;
 
-interface FileInfo {
+export interface FileInfo {
   id: number;
   parentId: DirectoryId;
   dataKey?: DataKey;
   contentType: string;
-  contentIv: string | undefined;
+  contentIv?: string;
   name: string;
   createdAt?: Date;
   lastModifiedAt: Date;
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ export type SubCategoryInfo = Omit<
 >;
 
 const directoryInfoCache = new Map<DirectoryId, DirectoryInfo | Promise<DirectoryInfo>>();
+const fileInfoCache = new Map<number, FileInfo | Promise<FileInfo>>();
 const categoryInfoCache = new Map<CategoryId, CategoryInfo | Promise<CategoryInfo>>();
 
 export const getDirectoryInfo = async (id: DirectoryId, masterKey: CryptoKey) => {
@@ -197,6 +198,100 @@ const decryptDate = async (ciphertext: string, iv: string, dataKey: CryptoKey) =
   return new Date(parseInt(await decryptString(ciphertext, iv, dataKey), 10));
 };
 
+export const getFileInfo = async (id: number, masterKey: CryptoKey) => {
+  const info = fileInfoCache.get(id);
+  if (info instanceof Promise) {
+    return info;
+  }
+
+  const { promise, resolve } = Promise.withResolvers<FileInfo>();
+  if (!info) {
+    fileInfoCache.set(id, promise);
+  }
+
+  monotonicResolve(
+    [!info && fetchFileInfoFromIndexedDB(id), fetchFileInfoFromServer(id, masterKey)],
+    (fileInfo) => {
+      let info = fileInfoCache.get(id);
+      if (info instanceof Promise) {
+        const state = $state(fileInfo);
+        fileInfoCache.set(id, state);
+        resolve(state);
+      } else {
+        Object.assign(info!, fileInfo);
+        resolve(info!);
+      }
+    },
+  );
+  return info ?? promise;
+};
+
+const fetchFileInfoFromIndexedDB = async (id: number): Promise<FileInfo | undefined> => {
+  const file = await getFileInfoFromIndexedDB(id);
+  const categories = await Promise.all(
+    file?.categoryIds.map(async (categoryId) => {
+      const categoryInfo = await getCategoryInfoFromIndexedDB(categoryId);
+      return categoryInfo ? { id: categoryId, name: categoryInfo.name } : undefined;
+    }) ?? [],
+  );
+
+  if (file) {
+    return {
+      id,
+      parentId: file.parentId,
+      contentType: file.contentType,
+      name: file.name,
+      createdAt: file.createdAt,
+      lastModifiedAt: file.lastModifiedAt,
+      categories: categories.filter((category) => !!category),
+    };
+  }
+};
+
+const fetchFileInfoFromServer = async (
+  id: number,
+  masterKey: CryptoKey,
+): Promise<FileInfo | undefined> => {
+  try {
+    const { categories: categoriesRaw, ...metadata } = await trpc().file.get.query({ id });
+    const categories = await Promise.all(
+      categoriesRaw.map(async (category) => {
+        const { dataKey } = await unwrapDataKey(category.dek, masterKey);
+        const name = await decryptString(category.name, category.nameIv, dataKey);
+        return { id: category.id, name };
+      }),
+    );
+
+    const { dataKey } = await unwrapDataKey(metadata.dek, masterKey);
+    const [name, createdAt, lastModifiedAt] = await Promise.all([
+      decryptString(metadata.name, metadata.nameIv, dataKey),
+      metadata.createdAt
+        ? decryptDate(metadata.createdAt, metadata.createdAtIv!, dataKey)
+        : undefined,
+      decryptDate(metadata.lastModifiedAt, metadata.lastModifiedAtIv, dataKey),
+    ]);
+
+    return {
+      id,
+      parentId: metadata.parent,
+      dataKey: { key: dataKey, version: new Date(metadata.dekVersion) },
+      contentType: metadata.contentType,
+      contentIv: metadata.contentIv,
+      name,
+      createdAt,
+      lastModifiedAt,
+      categories,
+    };
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (isTRPCClientError(e) && e.data?.code === "NOT_FOUND") {
+      fileInfoCache.delete(id);
+      await deleteFileInfo(id);
+      return;
+    }
+    throw new Error("Failed to fetch file information");
+  }
+};
+
 export const getCategoryInfo = async (id: CategoryId, masterKey: CryptoKey) => {
   const info = categoryInfoCache.get(id);
   if (info instanceof Promise) {
diff --git a/src/lib/server/db/file.ts b/src/lib/server/db/file.ts
index 7bea6db..45ae0f4 100644
--- a/src/lib/server/db/file.ts
+++ b/src/lib/server/db/file.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { sql, type NotNull } from "kysely";
+import { sql } from "kysely";
 import pg from "pg";
 import { IntegrityError } from "./error";
 import db from "./kysely";
@@ -486,10 +486,17 @@ export const addFileToCategory = async (fileId: number, categoryId: number) => {
 export const getAllFileCategories = async (fileId: number) => {
   const categories = await db
     .selectFrom("file_category")
-    .select("category_id")
+    .innerJoin("category", "file_category.category_id", "category.id")
+    .selectAll("category")
     .where("file_id", "=", fileId)
     .execute();
-  return categories.map(({ category_id }) => ({ id: category_id }));
+  return categories.map((category) => ({
+    id: category.id,
+    mekVersion: category.master_encryption_key_version,
+    encDek: category.encrypted_data_encryption_key,
+    dekVersion: category.data_encryption_key_version,
+    encName: category.encrypted_name,
+  }));
 };
 
 export const removeFileFromCategory = async (fileId: number, categoryId: number) => {
diff --git a/src/lib/stores/file.ts b/src/lib/stores/file.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 0aab6d1..0000000
--- a/src/lib/stores/file.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-import { writable, type Writable } from "svelte/store";
-
-export interface FileDownloadStatus {
-  id: number;
-  status:
-    | "download-pending"
-    | "downloading"
-    | "decryption-pending"
-    | "decrypting"
-    | "decrypted"
-    | "canceled"
-    | "error";
-  progress?: number;
-  rate?: number;
-  estimated?: number;
-  result?: ArrayBuffer;
-}
-
-export const fileDownloadStatusStore = writable<Writable<FileDownloadStatus>[]>([]);
-
-export const isFileDownloading = (
-  status: FileDownloadStatus["status"],
-): status is "download-pending" | "downloading" | "decryption-pending" | "decrypting" => {
-  return ["download-pending", "downloading", "decryption-pending", "decrypting"].includes(status);
-};
diff --git a/src/lib/stores/index.ts b/src/lib/stores/index.ts
index 537209a..668f46f 100644
--- a/src/lib/stores/index.ts
+++ b/src/lib/stores/index.ts
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-export * from "./file";
 export * from "./key";
diff --git a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/file/[id]/+page.svelte b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/file/[id]/+page.svelte
index ab85dc7..d5ba57c 100644
--- a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/file/[id]/+page.svelte
+++ b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/file/[id]/+page.svelte
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 <script lang="ts">
   import FileSaver from "file-saver";
   import { untrack } from "svelte";
-  import { get, type Writable } from "svelte/store";
   import { goto } from "$app/navigation";
   import { page } from "$app/state";
   import { FullscreenDiv } from "$lib/components/atoms";
   import { Categories, IconEntryButton, TopBar } from "$lib/components/molecules";
-  import { getFileInfo, type FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem";
+  import { getFileInfo, type FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem2.svelte";
   import { captureVideoThumbnail } from "$lib/modules/thumbnail";
-  import { fileDownloadStatusStore, isFileDownloading, masterKeyStore } from "$lib/stores";
+  import { getFileDownloadState } from "$lib/modules/file";
+  import { masterKeyStore } from "$lib/stores";
   import AddToCategoryBottomSheet from "./AddToCategoryBottomSheet.svelte";
   import DownloadStatus from "./DownloadStatus.svelte";
   import {
@@ -26,19 +26,13 @@
 
   let { data } = $props();
 
-  let info: Writable<FileInfo | null> | undefined = $state();
-  // let categories: Writable<CategoryInfo | null>[] = $state([]);
+  let infoPromise: Promise<FileInfo | null> | undefined = $state();
+  let info: FileInfo | null = $state(null);
+  let downloadState = $derived(getFileDownloadState(data.id));
 
   let isMenuOpen = $state(false);
   let isAddToCategoryBottomSheetOpen = $state(false);
 
-  let downloadStatus = $derived(
-    $fileDownloadStatusStore.find((statusStore) => {
-      const { id, status } = get(statusStore);
-      return id === data.id && isFileDownloading(status);
-    }),
-  );
-
   let isDownloadRequested = $state(false);
   let viewerType: "image" | "video" | undefined = $state();
   let fileBlob: Blob | undefined = $state();
@@ -71,28 +65,27 @@
   const addToCategory = async (categoryId: number) => {
     await requestFileAdditionToCategory(data.id, categoryId);
     isAddToCategoryBottomSheetOpen = false;
-    info = getFileInfo(data.id, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!); // TODO: FIXME
+    infoPromise = getFileInfo(data.id, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!); // TODO: FIXME
   };
 
   const removeFromCategory = async (categoryId: number) => {
     await requestFileRemovalFromCategory(data.id, categoryId);
-    info = getFileInfo(data.id, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!); // TODO: FIXME
+    infoPromise = getFileInfo(data.id, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!); // TODO: FIXME
   };
 
   $effect(() => {
-    info = getFileInfo(data.id, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!);
+    infoPromise = getFileInfo(data.id, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!).then((fileInfo) => {
+      info = fileInfo;
+      return fileInfo;
+    });
+    info = null;
     isDownloadRequested = false;
     viewerType = undefined;
   });
 
-  // $effect(() => {
-  //   categories =
-  //     $info?.categoryIds.map((id) => getCategoryInfo(id, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!)) ?? [];
-  // });
-
   $effect(() => {
-    if ($info && $info.dataKey && $info.contentIv) {
-      const contentType = $info.contentType;
+    if (info?.dataKey) {
+      const contentType = info.contentType;
       if (contentType.startsWith("image")) {
         viewerType = "image";
       } else if (contentType.startsWith("video")) {
@@ -100,24 +93,24 @@
       }
 
       untrack(() => {
-        if (!downloadStatus && !isDownloadRequested) {
+        if (!downloadState && !isDownloadRequested) {
           isDownloadRequested = true;
-          requestFileDownload(data.id, $info.contentIv!, $info.dataKey!).then(async (buffer) => {
-            const blob = await updateViewer(buffer, contentType);
-            if (!viewerType) {
-              FileSaver.saveAs(blob, $info.name);
-            }
-          });
+          requestFileDownload(data.id, info!.contentIv!, info!.dataKey!.key).then(
+            async (buffer) => {
+              const blob = await updateViewer(buffer, contentType);
+              if (!viewerType) {
+                FileSaver.saveAs(blob, info!.name);
+              }
+            },
+          );
         }
       });
     }
   });
 
   $effect(() => {
-    if ($info && $downloadStatus?.status === "decrypted") {
-      untrack(
-        () => !isDownloadRequested && updateViewer($downloadStatus.result!, $info.contentType),
-      );
+    if (info && downloadState?.status === "decrypted") {
+      untrack(() => !isDownloadRequested && updateViewer(downloadState.result!, info!.contentType));
     }
   });
 
@@ -128,84 +121,88 @@
   <title>파일</title>
 </svelte:head>
 
-<TopBar title={$info?.name}>
-  <!-- svelte-ignore a11y_no_static_element_interactions -->
-  <!-- svelte-ignore a11y_click_events_have_key_events -->
-  <div onclick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}>
-    <button
-      onclick={() => (isMenuOpen = !isMenuOpen)}
-      class="w-[2.3rem] flex-shrink-0 rounded-full p-1 active:bg-black active:bg-opacity-[0.04]"
-    >
-      <IconMoreVert class="text-2xl" />
-    </button>
-    <TopBarMenu
-      bind:isOpen={isMenuOpen}
-      directoryId={["category", "gallery"].includes(page.url.searchParams.get("from") ?? "")
-        ? $info?.parentId
-        : undefined}
-      {fileBlob}
-      filename={$info?.name}
-    />
-  </div>
-</TopBar>
-<FullscreenDiv>
-  <div class="space-y-4 pb-4">
-    <DownloadStatus status={downloadStatus} />
-    {#if $info && viewerType}
-      <div class="flex w-full justify-center">
-        {#snippet viewerLoading(message: string)}
-          <p class="text-gray-500">{message}</p>
-        {/snippet}
+{#if info}
+  <TopBar title={info.name}>
+    <!-- svelte-ignore a11y_no_static_element_interactions -->
+    <!-- svelte-ignore a11y_click_events_have_key_events -->
+    <div onclick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}>
+      <button
+        onclick={() => (isMenuOpen = !isMenuOpen)}
+        class="w-[2.3rem] flex-shrink-0 rounded-full p-1 active:bg-black active:bg-opacity-[0.04]"
+      >
+        <IconMoreVert class="text-2xl" />
+      </button>
+      <TopBarMenu
+        bind:isOpen={isMenuOpen}
+        directoryId={["category", "gallery"].includes(page.url.searchParams.get("from") ?? "")
+          ? info.parentId
+          : undefined}
+        {fileBlob}
+        filename={info.name}
+      />
+    </div>
+  </TopBar>
+  <FullscreenDiv>
+    <div class="space-y-4 pb-4">
+      {#if downloadState}
+        <DownloadStatus state={downloadState} />
+      {/if}
+      {#if viewerType}
+        <div class="flex w-full justify-center">
+          {#snippet viewerLoading(message: string)}
+            <p class="text-gray-500">{message}</p>
+          {/snippet}
 
-        {#if viewerType === "image"}
-          {#if fileBlobUrl}
-            <img src={fileBlobUrl} alt={$info.name} onerror={convertHeicToJpeg} />
-          {:else}
-            {@render viewerLoading("이미지를 불러오고 있어요.")}
+          {#if viewerType === "image"}
+            {#if fileBlobUrl}
+              <img src={fileBlobUrl} alt={info.name} onerror={convertHeicToJpeg} />
+            {:else}
+              {@render viewerLoading("이미지를 불러오고 있어요.")}
+            {/if}
+          {:else if viewerType === "video"}
+            {#if fileBlobUrl}
+              <div class="flex flex-col space-y-2">
+                <!-- svelte-ignore a11y_media_has_caption -->
+                <video bind:this={videoElement} src={fileBlobUrl} controls muted></video>
+                <IconEntryButton
+                  icon={IconCamera}
+                  onclick={() => updateThumbnail(info?.dataKey?.key!, info?.dataKey?.version!)}
+                  class="w-full"
+                >
+                  이 장면을 썸네일로 설정하기
+                </IconEntryButton>
+              </div>
+            {:else}
+              {@render viewerLoading("비디오를 불러오고 있어요.")}
+            {/if}
           {/if}
-        {:else if viewerType === "video"}
-          {#if fileBlobUrl}
-            <div class="flex flex-col space-y-2">
-              <!-- svelte-ignore a11y_media_has_caption -->
-              <video bind:this={videoElement} src={fileBlobUrl} controls muted></video>
-              <IconEntryButton
-                icon={IconCamera}
-                onclick={() => updateThumbnail($info.dataKey!, $info.dataKeyVersion!)}
-                class="w-full"
-              >
-                이 장면을 썸네일로 설정하기
-              </IconEntryButton>
-            </div>
-          {:else}
-            {@render viewerLoading("비디오를 불러오고 있어요.")}
-          {/if}
-        {/if}
-      </div>
-    {/if}
-    <div class="space-y-2">
-      <p class="text-lg font-bold">카테고리</p>
-      <div class="space-y-1">
-        <!-- <Categories
-          {categories}
-          categoryMenuIcon={IconClose}
-          onCategoryClick={({ id }) => goto(`/category/${id}`)}
-          onCategoryMenuClick={({ id }) => removeFromCategory(id)}
-        /> -->
-        <IconEntryButton
-          icon={IconAddCircle}
-          onclick={() => (isAddToCategoryBottomSheetOpen = true)}
-          class="h-12 w-full"
-          iconClass="text-gray-600"
-          textClass="text-gray-700"
-        >
-          카테고리에 추가하기
-        </IconEntryButton>
+        </div>
+      {/if}
+      <div class="space-y-2">
+        <p class="text-lg font-bold">카테고리</p>
+        <div class="space-y-1">
+          <Categories
+            categories={info.categories}
+            categoryMenuIcon={IconClose}
+            onCategoryClick={({ id }) => goto(`/category/${id}`)}
+            onCategoryMenuClick={({ id }) => removeFromCategory(id)}
+          />
+          <IconEntryButton
+            icon={IconAddCircle}
+            onclick={() => (isAddToCategoryBottomSheetOpen = true)}
+            class="h-12 w-full"
+            iconClass="text-gray-600"
+            textClass="text-gray-700"
+          >
+            카테고리에 추가하기
+          </IconEntryButton>
+        </div>
       </div>
     </div>
-  </div>
-</FullscreenDiv>
+  </FullscreenDiv>
 
-<AddToCategoryBottomSheet
-  bind:isOpen={isAddToCategoryBottomSheetOpen}
-  onAddToCategoryClick={addToCategory}
-/>
+  <AddToCategoryBottomSheet
+    bind:isOpen={isAddToCategoryBottomSheetOpen}
+    onAddToCategoryClick={addToCategory}
+  />
+{/if}
diff --git a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/file/[id]/DownloadStatus.svelte b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/file/[id]/DownloadStatus.svelte
index 150669e..392cf6b 100644
--- a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/file/[id]/DownloadStatus.svelte
+++ b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/file/[id]/DownloadStatus.svelte
@@ -1,32 +1,31 @@
 <script lang="ts">
-  import type { Writable } from "svelte/store";
-  import { isFileDownloading, type FileDownloadStatus } from "$lib/stores";
+  import { isFileDownloading, type FileDownloadState } from "$lib/modules/file";
   import { formatNetworkSpeed } from "$lib/utils";
 
   interface Props {
-    status?: Writable<FileDownloadStatus>;
+    state: FileDownloadState;
   }
 
-  let { status }: Props = $props();
+  let { state }: Props = $props();
 </script>
 
-{#if $status && isFileDownloading($status.status)}
+{#if isFileDownloading(state.status)}
   <div class="w-full rounded-xl bg-gray-100 p-3">
     <p class="font-medium">
-      {#if $status.status === "download-pending"}
+      {#if state.status === "download-pending"}
         다운로드를 기다리는 중
-      {:else if $status.status === "downloading"}
+      {:else if state.status === "downloading"}
         다운로드하는 중
-      {:else if $status.status === "decryption-pending"}
+      {:else if state.status === "decryption-pending"}
         복호화를 기다리는 중
-      {:else if $status.status === "decrypting"}
+      {:else if state.status === "decrypting"}
         복호화하는 중
       {/if}
     </p>
     <p class="text-xs">
-      {#if $status.status === "downloading"}
+      {#if state.status === "downloading"}
         전송됨
-        {Math.floor(($status.progress ?? 0) * 100)}% · {formatNetworkSpeed(($status.rate ?? 0) * 8)}
+        {Math.floor((state.progress ?? 0) * 100)}% · {formatNetworkSpeed((state.rate ?? 0) * 8)}
       {/if}
     </p>
   </div>
diff --git a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/file/downloads/+page.svelte b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/file/downloads/+page.svelte
index e1bad0e..f9bfa84 100644
--- a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/file/downloads/+page.svelte
+++ b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/file/downloads/+page.svelte
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 <script lang="ts">
-  import { get } from "svelte/store";
   import { FullscreenDiv } from "$lib/components/atoms";
   import { TopBar } from "$lib/components/molecules";
-  import { fileDownloadStatusStore, isFileDownloading } from "$lib/stores";
+  import { getFileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem2.svelte";
+  import { getDownloadingFiles, clearDownloadedFiles } from "$lib/modules/file";
+  import { masterKeyStore } from "$lib/stores";
   import File from "./File.svelte";
 
-  let downloadingFiles = $derived(
-    $fileDownloadStatusStore.filter((status) => isFileDownloading(get(status).status)),
+  let downloadingFilesPromise = $derived(
+    Promise.all(
+      getDownloadingFiles().map(async (file) => ({
+        state: file,
+        fileInfo: await getFileInfo(file.id, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!),
+      })),
+    ),
   );
 
-  $effect(() => () => {
-    $fileDownloadStatusStore = $fileDownloadStatusStore.filter((status) =>
-      isFileDownloading(get(status).status),
-    );
-  });
+  $effect(() => clearDownloadedFiles);
 </script>
 
 <svelte:head>
@@ -22,9 +24,9 @@
 
 <TopBar />
 <FullscreenDiv>
-  <div class="space-y-2 pb-4">
-    {#each downloadingFiles as status}
-      <File {status} />
+  {#await downloadingFilesPromise then downloadingFiles}
+    {#each downloadingFiles as { state, fileInfo }}
+      <File {state} info={fileInfo} />
     {/each}
-  </div>
+  {/await}
 </FullscreenDiv>
diff --git a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/file/downloads/File.svelte b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/file/downloads/File.svelte
index 3bfe292..6a2a0ca 100644
--- a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/file/downloads/File.svelte
+++ b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/file/downloads/File.svelte
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 <script lang="ts">
-  import { get, type Writable } from "svelte/store";
-  import { getFileInfo, type FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem";
-  import { masterKeyStore, type FileDownloadStatus } from "$lib/stores";
+  import type { FileDownloadState } from "$lib/modules/file";
+  import type { FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem2.svelte";
   import { formatNetworkSpeed } from "$lib/utils";
 
   import IconCloud from "~icons/material-symbols/cloud";
@@ -12,56 +11,49 @@
   import IconError from "~icons/material-symbols/error";
 
   interface Props {
-    status: Writable<FileDownloadStatus>;
+    info: FileInfo;
+    state: FileDownloadState;
   }
 
-  let { status }: Props = $props();
-
-  let fileInfo: Writable<FileInfo | null> | undefined = $state();
-
-  $effect(() => {
-    fileInfo = getFileInfo(get(status).id, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!);
-  });
+  let { info, state }: Props = $props();
 </script>
 
-{#if $fileInfo}
-  <div class="flex h-14 items-center gap-x-4 p-2">
-    <div class="flex-shrink-0 text-lg text-gray-600">
-      {#if $status.status === "download-pending"}
-        <IconCloud />
-      {:else if $status.status === "downloading"}
-        <IconCloudDownload />
-      {:else if $status.status === "decryption-pending"}
-        <IconLock />
-      {:else if $status.status === "decrypting"}
-        <IconLockClock />
-      {:else if $status.status === "decrypted"}
-        <IconCheckCircle class="text-green-500" />
-      {:else if $status.status === "error"}
-        <IconError class="text-red-500" />
-      {/if}
-    </div>
-    <div class="flex-grow overflow-hidden">
-      <p title={$fileInfo.name} class="truncate font-medium">
-        {$fileInfo.name}
-      </p>
-      <p class="text-xs text-gray-800">
-        {#if $status.status === "download-pending"}
-          다운로드를 기다리는 중
-        {:else if $status.status === "downloading"}
-          전송됨
-          {Math.floor(($status.progress ?? 0) * 100)}% ·
-          {formatNetworkSpeed(($status.rate ?? 0) * 8)}
-        {:else if $status.status === "decryption-pending"}
-          복호화를 기다리는 중
-        {:else if $status.status === "decrypting"}
-          복호화하는 중
-        {:else if $status.status === "decrypted"}
-          다운로드 완료
-        {:else if $status.status === "error"}
-          다운로드 실패
-        {/if}
-      </p>
-    </div>
+<div class="flex h-14 items-center gap-x-4 p-2">
+  <div class="flex-shrink-0 text-lg text-gray-600">
+    {#if state.status === "download-pending"}
+      <IconCloud />
+    {:else if state.status === "downloading"}
+      <IconCloudDownload />
+    {:else if state.status === "decryption-pending"}
+      <IconLock />
+    {:else if state.status === "decrypting"}
+      <IconLockClock />
+    {:else if state.status === "decrypted"}
+      <IconCheckCircle class="text-green-500" />
+    {:else if state.status === "error"}
+      <IconError class="text-red-500" />
+    {/if}
   </div>
-{/if}
+  <div class="flex-grow overflow-hidden">
+    <p title={info.name} class="truncate font-medium">
+      {info.name}
+    </p>
+    <p class="text-xs text-gray-800">
+      {#if state.status === "download-pending"}
+        다운로드를 기다리는 중
+      {:else if state.status === "downloading"}
+        전송됨
+        {Math.floor((state.progress ?? 0) * 100)}% ·
+        {formatNetworkSpeed((state.rate ?? 0) * 8)}
+      {:else if state.status === "decryption-pending"}
+        복호화를 기다리는 중
+      {:else if state.status === "decrypting"}
+        복호화하는 중
+      {:else if state.status === "decrypted"}
+        다운로드 완료
+      {:else if state.status === "error"}
+        다운로드 실패
+      {/if}
+    </p>
+  </div>
+</div>
diff --git a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/gallery/+page.svelte b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/gallery/+page.svelte
index b6f8239..ab73c70 100644
--- a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/gallery/+page.svelte
+++ b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/gallery/+page.svelte
@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 <script lang="ts">
-  import type { Writable } from "svelte/store";
+  import { onMount } from "svelte";
   import { goto } from "$app/navigation";
   import { FullscreenDiv } from "$lib/components/atoms";
   import { TopBar } from "$lib/components/molecules";
   import { Gallery } from "$lib/components/organisms";
-  import { getFileInfo, type FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem";
+  import { getFileInfo, type FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem2.svelte";
   import { masterKeyStore } from "$lib/stores";
 
   let { data } = $props();
 
-  let files: Writable<FileInfo | null>[] = $state([]);
+  let files: (FileInfo | null)[] = $state([]);
 
-  $effect(() => {
-    files = data.files.map((file) => getFileInfo(file, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!));
+  onMount(async () => {
+    files = await Promise.all(
+      data.files.map((file) => getFileInfo(file, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!)),
+    );
   });
 </script>
 
@@ -22,5 +24,8 @@
 
 <TopBar title="사진 및 동영상" />
 <FullscreenDiv>
-  <Gallery {files} onFileClick={({ id }) => goto(`/file/${id}?from=gallery`)} />
+  <Gallery
+    files={files.filter((file) => !!file)}
+    onFileClick={({ id }) => goto(`/file/${id}?from=gallery`)}
+  />
 </FullscreenDiv>
diff --git a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/cache/+page.svelte b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/cache/+page.svelte
index cf8192d..271ae96 100644
--- a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/cache/+page.svelte
+++ b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/cache/+page.svelte
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 <script lang="ts">
   import { onMount } from "svelte";
-  import type { Writable } from "svelte/store";
   import { FullscreenDiv } from "$lib/components/atoms";
   import { TopBar } from "$lib/components/molecules";
   import type { FileCacheIndex } from "$lib/indexedDB";
   import { getFileCacheIndex, deleteFileCache as doDeleteFileCache } from "$lib/modules/file";
-  import { getFileInfo, type FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem";
+  import { getFileInfo, type FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem2.svelte";
   import { masterKeyStore } from "$lib/stores";
   import { formatFileSize } from "$lib/utils";
   import File from "./File.svelte";
 
   interface FileCache {
     index: FileCacheIndex;
-    fileInfo: Writable<FileInfo | null>;
+    fileInfo: FileInfo | null;
   }
 
   let fileCache: FileCache[] | undefined = $state();
@@ -23,13 +22,14 @@
     fileCache = fileCache?.filter(({ index }) => index.fileId !== fileId);
   };
 
-  onMount(() => {
-    fileCache = getFileCacheIndex()
-      .map((index) => ({
+  onMount(async () => {
+    fileCache = await Promise.all(
+      getFileCacheIndex().map(async (index) => ({
         index,
-        fileInfo: getFileInfo(index.fileId, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!),
-      }))
-      .sort((a, b) => a.index.lastRetrievedAt.getTime() - b.index.lastRetrievedAt.getTime());
+        fileInfo: await getFileInfo(index.fileId, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!),
+      })),
+    );
+    fileCache.sort((a, b) => a.index.lastRetrievedAt.getTime() - b.index.lastRetrievedAt.getTime());
   });
 
   $effect(() => {
diff --git a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/cache/File.svelte b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/cache/File.svelte
index 581d144..21d286a 100644
--- a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/cache/File.svelte
+++ b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/cache/File.svelte
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 <script lang="ts">
-  import type { Writable } from "svelte/store";
   import type { FileCacheIndex } from "$lib/indexedDB";
-  import type { FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem";
+  import type { SummarizedFileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem2.svelte";
   import { formatDate, formatFileSize } from "$lib/utils";
 
   import IconDraft from "~icons/material-symbols/draft";
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@
 
   interface Props {
     index: FileCacheIndex;
-    info: Writable<FileInfo | null>;
+    info: SummarizedFileInfo | null;
     onDeleteClick: (fileId: number) => void;
   }
 
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@
 </script>
 
 <div class="flex h-14 items-center gap-x-4 p-2">
-  {#if $info}
+  {#if info}
     <div class="flex-shrink-0 rounded-full bg-blue-100 p-1 text-xl">
       <IconDraft class="text-blue-400" />
     </div>
@@ -28,8 +27,8 @@
     </div>
   {/if}
   <div class="flex-grow overflow-hidden">
-    {#if $info}
-      <p title={$info.name} class="truncate font-medium">{$info.name}</p>
+    {#if info}
+      <p title={info.name} class="truncate font-medium">{info.name}</p>
     {:else}
       <p class="font-medium">삭제된 파일</p>
     {/if}
diff --git a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/thumbnail/+page.svelte b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/thumbnail/+page.svelte
index d9cd692..8830133 100644
--- a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/thumbnail/+page.svelte
+++ b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/thumbnail/+page.svelte
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   import { BottomDiv, Button, FullscreenDiv } from "$lib/components/atoms";
   import { IconEntryButton, TopBar } from "$lib/components/molecules";
   import { deleteAllFileThumbnailCaches } from "$lib/modules/file";
-  import { getFileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem";
+  import { getFileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem2.svelte";
   import { masterKeyStore } from "$lib/stores";
   import File from "./File.svelte";
   import {
@@ -20,19 +20,20 @@
 
   const generateAllThumbnails = () => {
     persistentStates.files.forEach(({ info }) => {
-      const fileInfo = get(info);
-      if (fileInfo) {
-        requestThumbnailGeneration(fileInfo);
+      if (info) {
+        requestThumbnailGeneration(info);
       }
     });
   };
 
-  onMount(() => {
-    persistentStates.files = data.files.map((fileId) => ({
-      id: fileId,
-      info: getFileInfo(fileId, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!),
-      status: getGenerationStatus(fileId),
-    }));
+  onMount(async () => {
+    persistentStates.files = await Promise.all(
+      data.files.map(async (fileId) => ({
+        id: fileId,
+        info: await getFileInfo(fileId, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!),
+        status: getGenerationStatus(fileId),
+      })),
+    );
   });
 </script>
 
diff --git a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/thumbnail/File.svelte b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/thumbnail/File.svelte
index 93c23ad..e5699e2 100644
--- a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/thumbnail/File.svelte
+++ b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/thumbnail/File.svelte
@@ -13,34 +13,32 @@
   import type { Writable } from "svelte/store";
   import { ActionEntryButton } from "$lib/components/atoms";
   import { DirectoryEntryLabel } from "$lib/components/molecules";
-  import type { FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem";
+  import type { FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem2.svelte";
   import { formatDateTime } from "$lib/utils";
   import type { GenerationStatus } from "./service.svelte";
 
   import IconCamera from "~icons/material-symbols/camera";
 
   interface Props {
-    info: Writable<FileInfo | null>;
-    onclick: (selectedFile: FileInfo) => void;
-    onGenerateThumbnailClick: (selectedFile: FileInfo) => void;
+    info: FileInfo;
+    onclick: (file: FileInfo) => void;
+    onGenerateThumbnailClick: (file: FileInfo) => void;
     generationStatus?: Writable<GenerationStatus>;
   }
 
   let { info, onclick, onGenerateThumbnailClick, generationStatus }: Props = $props();
 </script>
 
-{#if $info}
-  <ActionEntryButton
-    class="h-14"
-    onclick={() => onclick($info)}
-    actionButtonIcon={!$generationStatus || $generationStatus === "error" ? IconCamera : undefined}
-    onActionButtonClick={() => onGenerateThumbnailClick($info)}
-    actionButtonClass="text-gray-800"
-  >
-    {@const subtext =
-      $generationStatus && $generationStatus !== "uploaded"
-        ? subtexts[$generationStatus]
-        : formatDateTime($info.createdAt ?? $info.lastModifiedAt)}
-    <DirectoryEntryLabel type="file" name={$info.name} {subtext} />
-  </ActionEntryButton>
-{/if}
+<ActionEntryButton
+  class="h-14"
+  onclick={() => onclick(info)}
+  actionButtonIcon={!$generationStatus || $generationStatus === "error" ? IconCamera : undefined}
+  onActionButtonClick={() => onGenerateThumbnailClick(info)}
+  actionButtonClass="text-gray-800"
+>
+  {@const subtext =
+    $generationStatus && $generationStatus !== "uploaded"
+      ? subtexts[$generationStatus]
+      : formatDateTime(info.createdAt ?? info.lastModifiedAt)}
+  <DirectoryEntryLabel type="file" name={info.name} {subtext} />
+</ActionEntryButton>
diff --git a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/thumbnail/service.svelte.ts b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/thumbnail/service.svelte.ts
index d8f288c..6b0acb2 100644
--- a/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/thumbnail/service.svelte.ts
+++ b/src/routes/(fullscreen)/settings/thumbnail/service.svelte.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { limitFunction } from "p-limit";
 import { get, writable, type Writable } from "svelte/store";
 import { encryptData } from "$lib/modules/crypto";
 import { storeFileThumbnailCache } from "$lib/modules/file";
-import type { FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem";
+import type { FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem2.svelte";
 import { generateThumbnail as doGenerateThumbnail } from "$lib/modules/thumbnail";
 import { requestFileDownload, requestFileThumbnailUpload } from "$lib/services/file";
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export type GenerationStatus =
 
 interface File {
   id: number;
-  info: Writable<FileInfo | null>;
+  info: FileInfo;
   status?: Writable<GenerationStatus>;
 }
 
@@ -129,7 +129,11 @@ export const requestThumbnailGeneration = async (fileInfo: FileInfo) => {
 
   let fileSize = 0;
   try {
-    const file = await requestFileDownload(fileInfo.id, fileInfo.contentIv!, fileInfo.dataKey!);
+    const file = await requestFileDownload(
+      fileInfo.id,
+      fileInfo.contentIv!,
+      fileInfo.dataKey?.key!,
+    );
     fileSize = file.byteLength;
 
     memoryUsage += fileSize;
@@ -141,11 +145,11 @@ export const requestThumbnailGeneration = async (fileInfo: FileInfo) => {
       status,
       file,
       fileInfo.contentType,
-      fileInfo.dataKey!,
+      fileInfo.dataKey?.key!,
     );
     if (
       !thumbnail ||
-      !(await requestThumbnailUpload(status, fileInfo.id, fileInfo.dataKeyVersion!, thumbnail))
+      !(await requestThumbnailUpload(status, fileInfo.id, fileInfo.dataKey?.version!, thumbnail))
     ) {
       status.set("error");
     }
diff --git a/src/routes/(main)/directory/[[id]]/DownloadStatusCard.svelte b/src/routes/(main)/directory/[[id]]/DownloadStatusCard.svelte
index 18bb159..590cb8f 100644
--- a/src/routes/(main)/directory/[[id]]/DownloadStatusCard.svelte
+++ b/src/routes/(main)/directory/[[id]]/DownloadStatusCard.svelte
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 <script lang="ts">
-  import { untrack } from "svelte";
-  import { get, type Writable } from "svelte/store";
-  import { fileDownloadStatusStore, isFileDownloading, type FileDownloadStatus } from "$lib/stores";
+  import { getDownloadingFiles } from "$lib/modules/file";
 
   interface Props {
     onclick: () => void;
@@ -9,23 +7,7 @@
 
   let { onclick }: Props = $props();
 
-  let downloadingFiles: Writable<FileDownloadStatus>[] = $state([]);
-
-  $effect(() => {
-    downloadingFiles = $fileDownloadStatusStore.filter((status) =>
-      isFileDownloading(get(status).status),
-    );
-    return untrack(() => {
-      const unsubscribes = downloadingFiles.map((downloadingFile) =>
-        downloadingFile.subscribe(({ status }) => {
-          if (!isFileDownloading(status)) {
-            downloadingFiles = downloadingFiles.filter((file) => file !== downloadingFile);
-          }
-        }),
-      );
-      return () => unsubscribes.forEach((unsubscribe) => unsubscribe());
-    });
-  });
+  let downloadingFiles = $derived(getDownloadingFiles());
 </script>
 
 {#if downloadingFiles.length > 0}
diff --git a/src/routes/(main)/home/+page.svelte b/src/routes/(main)/home/+page.svelte
index 0ace1ab..21c3695 100644
--- a/src/routes/(main)/home/+page.svelte
+++ b/src/routes/(main)/home/+page.svelte
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 <script lang="ts">
-  import type { Writable } from "svelte/store";
+  import { onMount } from "svelte";
   import { goto } from "$app/navigation";
   import { EntryButton, FileThumbnailButton } from "$lib/components/atoms";
-  import { getFileInfo, type FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem";
+  import { getFileInfo, type FileInfo } from "$lib/modules/filesystem2.svelte";
   import { masterKeyStore } from "$lib/stores";
   import { requestFreshMediaFilesRetrieval } from "./service";
 
-  let mediaFiles: Writable<FileInfo | null>[] = $state([]);
+  let mediaFiles: (FileInfo | null)[] = $state([]);
 
-  $effect(() => {
-    requestFreshMediaFilesRetrieval().then((files) => {
-      mediaFiles = files.map(({ id }) => getFileInfo(id, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!));
-    });
+  onMount(async () => {
+    const files = await requestFreshMediaFilesRetrieval();
+    mediaFiles = await Promise.all(
+      files.map(({ id }) => getFileInfo(id, $masterKeyStore?.get(1)?.key!)),
+    );
   });
 </script>
 
@@ -28,7 +29,9 @@
     {#if mediaFiles.length > 0}
       <div class="grid grid-cols-4 gap-2 p-2">
         {#each mediaFiles as file}
-          <FileThumbnailButton info={file} onclick={({ id }) => goto(`/file/${id}`)} />
+          {#if file}
+            <FileThumbnailButton info={file} onclick={({ id }) => goto(`/file/${id}`)} />
+          {/if}
         {/each}
       </div>
     {/if}
diff --git a/src/routes/+layout.svelte b/src/routes/+layout.svelte
index 612cfe4..9aadffd 100644
--- a/src/routes/+layout.svelte
+++ b/src/routes/+layout.svelte
@@ -1,23 +1,14 @@
 <script lang="ts">
   import { onMount } from "svelte";
-  import { get } from "svelte/store";
   import { goto as svelteGoto } from "$app/navigation";
-  import { getUploadingFiles } from "$lib/modules/file";
-  import {
-    fileDownloadStatusStore,
-    isFileDownloading,
-    clientKeyStore,
-    masterKeyStore,
-  } from "$lib/stores";
+  import { getDownloadingFiles, getUploadingFiles } from "$lib/modules/file";
+  import { clientKeyStore, masterKeyStore } from "$lib/stores";
   import "../app.css";
 
   let { children } = $props();
 
   const protectFileUploadAndDownload = (e: BeforeUnloadEvent) => {
-    if (
-      getUploadingFiles().length > 0 ||
-      $fileDownloadStatusStore.some((status) => isFileDownloading(get(status).status))
-    ) {
+    if (getDownloadingFiles().length > 0 || getUploadingFiles().length > 0) {
       e.preventDefault();
     }
   };
diff --git a/src/trpc/routers/file.ts b/src/trpc/routers/file.ts
index decbc76..a3ac5f6 100644
--- a/src/trpc/routers/file.ts
+++ b/src/trpc/routers/file.ts
@@ -31,7 +31,14 @@ const fileRouter = router({
         createdAtIv: file.encCreatedAt?.iv,
         lastModifiedAt: file.encLastModifiedAt.ciphertext,
         lastModifiedAtIv: file.encLastModifiedAt.iv,
-        categories: categories.map(({ id }) => id),
+        categories: categories.map((category) => ({
+          id: category.id,
+          mekVersion: category.mekVersion,
+          dek: category.encDek,
+          dekVersion: category.dekVersion,
+          name: category.encName.ciphertext,
+          nameIv: category.encName.iv,
+        })),
       };
     }),