Update skeleton

README.md

@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@ cargo build --release  # release build
 ## Run
 
 ```sh
-cargo run -- -h                       # print options
+cargo run -- -h                                     # print options
-cargo run -- -p examples/c/fibonacci.c  # parse
+cargo run -- -p            examples/c/fibonacci.c   # parse
-cargo run -- -i examples/c/fibonacci.c  # irgen
+cargo run -- -i            examples/c/fibonacci.c   # irgen
-cargo run --    examples/c/fibonacci.c  # compile
+cargo run -- -O --iroutput examples/c/fibonacci.c   # optimize
+cargo run --               examples/c/fibonacci.c   # compile
 
 cargo run -- --irrun examples/c/fibonacci.c   # interprets the IR
 

bin/fuzz.rs

@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@ fn main() {
 
     if matches.is_present("print") {
         kecc::test_write_c(&unit, Path::new(&input));
+        return;
     }
 
     if matches.is_present("irgen") {
         kecc::test_irgen(&unit, Path::new(&input));
+        return;
     }
 
     if matches.is_present("simplify-cfg") {
@@ -43,4 +45,6 @@ fn main() {
     if matches.is_present("gvn") {
         todo!("test gvn");
     }
+
+    kecc::test_asmgen(&unit, Path::new(&input));
 }

examples/asm/alignof.c

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+int main() {
+    return _Alignof(const int) == 4;
+}

examples/asm/bar.c

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+int bar(int x, int y, int z){
+    int arith_mean = (x + y + z) / 3;
+    int ugly_mean = (((x + y) / 2) * 2 + z) / 3;
+    if (x == y) { return y; }
+    else { return z; }
+}
+
+int main() {
+    return 1;
+}

examples/asm/cmp.c

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+int int_greater_than(int i, unsigned int j) {
+    if (i > j) return 1;
+    else return 0;
+}
+
+int char_greater_than(char i, unsigned char j) {
+    if (i > j) return 1;
+    else return 0;
+}
+
+int main() {
+    // cmp ugt
+    int r1 = int_greater_than(-1, 1);
+    // cmp sgt
+    int r2 = char_greater_than(-1, 1);
+
+    return r1 == 1 && r2 == 0;
+}

examples/asm/fibonacci.c

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+int fibonacci(int n) {
+    if (n < 2) {
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    return fibonacci(n - 2) + fibonacci(n - 1);
+}
+
+int main() {
+    return fibonacci(9) == 34;
+}

src/asm/mod.rs

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ pub enum SymbolType {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub enum Instruction {
     /// R-type instruction format
-    /// https://content.riscv.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/riscv-spec-v2.2.pdf (11p, 104p)
+    /// https://riscv.org/specifications/isa-spec-pdf/ (16p, 129p)
     RType {
         instr: RType,
         rd: Register,
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ pub enum Instruction {
         rs2: Register,
     },
     /// I-type instruction format
-    /// https://content.riscv.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/riscv-spec-v2.2.pdf (11p, 104p)
+    /// https://riscv.org/specifications/isa-spec-pdf/ (16p, 129p)
     IType {
         instr: IType,
         rd: Register,
@@ -103,26 +103,109 @@ pub enum Instruction {
         imm: isize,
     },
     /// S-type instruction format
-    /// https://content.riscv.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/riscv-spec-v2.2.pdf (11p, 104p)
+    /// https://riscv.org/specifications/isa-spec-pdf/ (16p, 129p)
     SType {
         instr: SType,
         rs1: Register,
         rs2: Register,
         imm: isize,
     },
+    /// B-type instruction format
+    /// https://riscv.org/specifications/isa-spec-pdf/ (16p, 129p)
+    BType {
+        instr: BType,
+        rs1: Register,
+        rs2: Register,
+        imm: Label,
+    },
     Pseudo(Pseudo),
 }
 
+/// If the enum variant contains `Option<DataSize>`,
+/// it means that the instructions used may vary according to `DataSize`.
+/// Use 'Some' if RISC-V ISA provides instruction to support a specific 'DataSize',
+/// if not, 'None' which means to use default instruction.
+/// Because KECC uses RV64 (RISC-V ISA for 64-bit architecture),
+/// KECC uses `Some` if `DataSize` is `Word`, if not, use `None`.
+/// https://riscv.org/specifications/isa-spec-pdf/ (35p)
+///
+/// If the enum variant contains `bool`,
+/// It means that different instructions exist
+/// depending on whether the operand is signed or not.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub enum RType {
     Add(Option<DataSize>),
+    Sub(Option<DataSize>),
     Mul(Option<DataSize>),
+    Div(Option<DataSize>, bool),
+    Slt(bool),
+    Xor,
 }
 
+impl RType {
+    pub fn add(dtype: ir::Dtype) -> Self {
+        let data_size =
+            DataSize::try_from(dtype).expect("`data_size` must be derived from `dtype`");
+        let data_size = if data_size == DataSize::Word {
+            Some(data_size)
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
+        Self::Add(data_size)
+    }
+
+    pub fn sub(dtype: ir::Dtype) -> Self {
+        let data_size =
+            DataSize::try_from(dtype).expect("`data_size` must be derived from `dtype`");
+        let data_size = if data_size == DataSize::Word {
+            Some(data_size)
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
+        Self::Sub(data_size)
+    }
+
+    pub fn mul(dtype: ir::Dtype) -> Self {
+        let data_size =
+            DataSize::try_from(dtype).expect("`data_size` must be derived from `dtype`");
+        let data_size = if data_size == DataSize::Word {
+            Some(data_size)
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
+        Self::Mul(data_size)
+    }
+
+    pub fn div(dtype: ir::Dtype, is_signed: bool) -> Self {
+        let data_size =
+            DataSize::try_from(dtype).expect("`data_size` must be derived from `dtype`");
+        let data_size = if data_size == DataSize::Word {
+            Some(data_size)
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
+        Self::Div(data_size, is_signed)
+    }
+}
+
+/// If the enum variant contains `Option<DataSize>`,
+/// it means that the instructions used may vary according to `DataSize`.
+/// Use 'Some' if RISC-V ISA provides instruction to support a specific 'DataSize',
+/// if not, 'None' which means to use default instruction.
+/// Because KECC uses RV64 (RISC-V ISA for 64-bit architecture),
+/// KECC uses `Some` if `DataSize` is `Word`, if not, use `None`.
+/// https://riscv.org/specifications/isa-spec-pdf/ (35p)
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub enum IType {
     Load(DataSize),
     Addi(Option<DataSize>),
+    Andi,
+    Slli,
+    Srli,
 }
 
 impl IType {
@@ -131,9 +214,9 @@ impl IType {
     pub const ADDI: Self = Self::Addi(None);
 
     pub fn load(dtype: ir::Dtype) -> Self {
-        let data_align =
+        let data_size =
-            DataSize::try_from(dtype).expect("`data_align` must be derived from `dtype`");
+            DataSize::try_from(dtype).expect("`data_size` must be derived from `dtype`");
-        Self::Load(data_align)
+        Self::Load(data_size)
     }
 }
 
@@ -147,12 +230,20 @@ impl SType {
     pub const SD: Self = Self::Store(DataSize::Double);
 
     pub fn store(dtype: ir::Dtype) -> Self {
-        let data_align =
+        let data_size =
-            DataSize::try_from(dtype).expect("`data_align` must be derived from `dtype`");
+            DataSize::try_from(dtype).expect("`data_size` must be derived from `dtype`");
-        Self::Store(data_align)
+        Self::Store(data_size)
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum BType {
+    Beq,
+    Bne,
+    Blt(bool),
+    Bge(bool),
+}
+
 /// The assembler implements a number of convenience psuedo-instructions that are formed from
 /// instructions in the base ISA, but have implicit arguments or in some case reversed arguments,
 /// that result in distinct semantics.
@@ -163,9 +254,17 @@ pub enum Pseudo {
     /// li rd, immediate
     Li { rd: Register, imm: isize },
     /// mv rd, rs
-    Mv { rs: Register, rd: Register },
+    Mv { rd: Register, rs: Register },
+    /// neg(w) rd, rs
+    Neg {
+        data_size: Option<DataSize>,
+        rs: Register,
+        rd: Register,
+    },
     /// sext.w rd, rs
-    SextW { rs: Register, rd: Register },
+    SextW { rd: Register, rs: Register },
+    /// seqz rd, rs
+    Seqz { rd: Register, rs: Register },
     /// j offset
     J { offset: Label },
     /// jr rs
@@ -176,6 +275,20 @@ pub enum Pseudo {
     Call { offset: Label },
 }
 
+impl Pseudo {
+    pub fn neg(dtype: ir::Dtype, rs: Register, rd: Register) -> Self {
+        let data_size =
+            DataSize::try_from(dtype).expect("`data_size` must be derived from `dtype`");
+        let data_size = if data_size == DataSize::Word {
+            Some(data_size)
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
+        Self::Neg { data_size, rs, rd }
+    }
+}
+
 /// `Label` is used as branch, unconditional jump targets and symbol offsets.
 /// https://github.com/rv8-io/rv8-io.github.io/blob/master/asm.md#labels
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
@@ -220,7 +333,7 @@ impl TryFrom<ir::Dtype> for DataSize {
 
 // TODO: Add calling convention information (caller/callee-save registers)
 /// ABI name for RISC-V integer and floating-point register
-/// https://content.riscv.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/riscv-spec-v2.2.pdf (109p)
+/// https://content.riscv.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/riscv-spec-v2.2.pdf (155p)
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Copy)]
 pub enum Register {
     Zero,
@@ -237,10 +350,35 @@ pub enum Register {
 }
 
 impl Register {
-    // TODO: add all possible registers in the future
+    pub const T0: Self = Self::Temp(0);
+    pub const T1: Self = Self::Temp(1);
+    pub const T2: Self = Self::Temp(2);
+    pub const T3: Self = Self::Temp(3);
+    pub const T4: Self = Self::Temp(4);
+    pub const T5: Self = Self::Temp(5);
+    pub const T6: Self = Self::Temp(6);
+
     pub const S0: Self = Self::Saved(0);
+    pub const S1: Self = Self::Saved(1);
+    pub const S2: Self = Self::Saved(2);
+    pub const S3: Self = Self::Saved(3);
+    pub const S4: Self = Self::Saved(4);
+    pub const S5: Self = Self::Saved(5);
+    pub const S6: Self = Self::Saved(6);
+    pub const S7: Self = Self::Saved(7);
+    pub const S8: Self = Self::Saved(8);
+    pub const S9: Self = Self::Saved(9);
+    pub const S10: Self = Self::Saved(10);
+    pub const S11: Self = Self::Saved(11);
+
     pub const A0: Self = Self::Arg(0);
+    pub const A1: Self = Self::Arg(1);
+    pub const A2: Self = Self::Arg(2);
+    pub const A3: Self = Self::Arg(3);
+    pub const A4: Self = Self::Arg(4);
     pub const A5: Self = Self::Arg(5);
+    pub const A6: Self = Self::Arg(6);
+    pub const A7: Self = Self::Arg(7);
 
     pub fn temp(id: usize) -> Self {
         assert!(id <= 6);

src/asm/write_asm.rs

@@ -137,9 +137,21 @@ impl WriteString for Instruction {
                 "{}\t{},{}({})",
                 instr.write_string(),
                 rs2.write_string(),
-                imm,
+                imm.to_string(),
                 rs1.write_string()
             ),
+            Self::BType {
+                instr,
+                rs1,
+                rs2,
+                imm,
+            } => format!(
+                "{}\t{},{}, {}",
+                instr.write_string(),
+                rs1.write_string(),
+                rs2.write_string(),
+                imm.0,
+            ),
             Self::Pseudo(pseudo) => pseudo.write_string(),
         }
     }
@@ -149,7 +161,15 @@ impl WriteString for RType {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
         match self {
             Self::Add(data_size) => format!("add{}", data_size.write_string()),
+            Self::Sub(data_size) => format!("sub{}", data_size.write_string()),
             Self::Mul(data_size) => format!("mul{}", data_size.write_string()),
+            Self::Div(data_size, is_signed) => format!(
+                "div{}{}",
+                if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" },
+                data_size.write_string()
+            ),
+            Self::Slt(is_signed) => format!("slt{}", if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" }),
+            Self::Xor => "xor".to_string(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -159,6 +179,9 @@ impl WriteString for IType {
         match self {
             Self::Load(data_size) => format!("l{}", data_size.write_string()),
             Self::Addi(data_size) => format!("addi{}", data_size.write_string()),
+            Self::Andi => "andi".to_string(),
+            Self::Slli => "slli".to_string(),
+            Self::Srli => "srli".to_string(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -171,12 +194,32 @@ impl WriteString for SType {
     }
 }
 
+impl WriteString for BType {
+    fn write_string(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Beq => "beq".to_string(),
+            Self::Bne => "bne".to_string(),
+            Self::Blt(is_signed) => format!("blt{}", if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" }),
+            Self::Bge(is_signed) => format!("bge{}", if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" }),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl WriteString for Pseudo {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
         match self {
             Self::Li { rd, imm } => format!("li\t{},{}", rd.write_string(), imm),
             Self::Mv { rs, rd } => format!("mv\t{},{}", rd.write_string(), rs.write_string()),
-            Self::SextW { .. } => todo!(),
+            Self::Neg { data_size, rs, rd } => format!(
+                "neg{}\t{},{}",
+                data_size.write_string(),
+                rd.write_string(),
+                rs.write_string()
+            ),
+            Self::SextW { rs, rd } => {
+                format!("sext.w\t{},{}", rd.write_string(), rs.write_string())
+            }
+            Self::Seqz { rs, rd } => format!("seqz\t{},{}", rd.write_string(), rs.write_string()),
             Self::J { offset } => format!("j\t{}", offset.0),
             Self::Jr { rs } => format!("jr\t{}", rs.write_string()),
             Self::Ret => "ret".to_string(),

src/asmgen/mod.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,7 @@
 use crate::asm;
 use crate::ir;
-use crate::ir::HasDtype;
 use crate::Translate;
 
-use core::ops::Deref;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-struct StackInfo {
-    /// Function name for generating the block labels
-    name: String,
-    /// Minimum stack size required to execute function
-    stack_size: usize,
-    /// Stack offsets of registers
-    stack_offsets_registers: HashMap<ir::RegisterId, usize>,
-    /// Stack offset for previous `ra` value
-    stack_offset_ra: usize,
-    /// Stack offset for previous `s0` value
-    stack_offset_s0: usize,
-}
-
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct Asmgen {}
 
@@ -26,487 +9,7 @@ impl Translate<ir::TranslationUnit> for Asmgen {
     type Target = asm::Asm;
     type Error = ();
 
-    fn translate(&mut self, source: &ir::TranslationUnit) -> Result<Self::Target, Self::Error> {
+    fn translate(&mut self, _source: &ir::TranslationUnit) -> Result<Self::Target, Self::Error> {
-        let mut functions = Vec::new();
+        todo!("homework 7")
-        let mut _variables = Vec::new();
-        for (name, decl) in &source.decls {
-            match decl {
-                ir::Declaration::Variable { .. } => todo!(),
-                ir::Declaration::Function {
-                    signature,
-                    definition,
-                } => {
-                    let definition = definition
-                        .as_ref()
-                        .expect("function must have its definition");
-                    let function = self.translate_function(
-                        name.clone(),
-                        signature,
-                        definition,
-                        &source.structs,
-                    )?;
-                    functions.push(function);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(asm::Asm {
-            unit: asm::TranslationUnit {
-                functions,
-                variables: _variables,
-            },
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-impl Asmgen {
-    const STACK_ALIGNMENT: usize = 16;
-    const SIZE_OF_S_ZERO: usize = 8;
-    const SIZE_OF_RETURN_ADDRESS: usize = 8;
-
-    fn translate_function(
-        &self,
-        name: String,
-        _signature: &ir::FunctionSignature,
-        definition: &ir::FunctionDefinition,
-        structs: &HashMap<String, Option<ir::Dtype>>,
-    ) -> Result<asm::Section<asm::Function>, ()> {
-        // TODO: need to map function parameters and memory address
-        // Map `RegisterId` and its memory address. The memory address is represented
-        // by a distance from the stack pointer.
-        let mut stack_offsets_registers = HashMap::new();
-
-        // Allocate memory for return address and s0(frame pointer).
-        let mut required_size = Self::SIZE_OF_RETURN_ADDRESS + Self::SIZE_OF_S_ZERO;
-
-        // Allocate memory for local variables.
-        for (i, alloc) in definition.allocations.iter().enumerate() {
-            required_size += alloc.deref().size_align_of(structs).unwrap().0;
-            let rid = ir::RegisterId::local(i);
-            assert_eq!(stack_offsets_registers.insert(rid, required_size), None);
-        }
-
-        // Allocate memory for saved registers.
-        let required_size = definition
-            .blocks
-            .iter()
-            .fold(required_size, |size, (bid, block)| {
-                block
-                    .instructions
-                    .iter()
-                    .enumerate()
-                    .fold(size, |size, (i, instr)| {
-                        let size = size + instr.deref().dtype().size_align_of(structs).unwrap().0;
-                        let rid = ir::RegisterId::temp(*bid, i);
-                        assert_eq!(stack_offsets_registers.insert(rid, size), None);
-                        size
-                    })
-            });
-
-        // TODO: Allocate memory for next function args
-
-        let stack_size = ((required_size - 1) / Self::STACK_ALIGNMENT + 1) * Self::STACK_ALIGNMENT;
-        let stack_offset_ra = stack_size - Self::SIZE_OF_RETURN_ADDRESS;
-        let stack_offset_s0 = stack_offset_ra - Self::SIZE_OF_S_ZERO;
-        let stack_info = StackInfo {
-            name,
-            stack_size,
-            stack_offsets_registers,
-            stack_offset_ra,
-            stack_offset_s0,
-        };
-
-        let mut function_section = asm::Section::new(Vec::new(), asm::Function::new(Vec::new()));
-
-        self.translate_section_header(&stack_info, &mut function_section)?;
-        self.translate_init_block(&stack_info, &mut function_section)?;
-        definition
-            .blocks
-            .iter()
-            .map(|(bid, block)| {
-                self.translate_block(&stack_info, *bid, block, &mut function_section)
-            })
-            .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
-        self.translate_final_block(&stack_info, &mut function_section)?;
-
-        Ok(function_section)
-    }
-
-    fn translate_section_header(
-        &self,
-        stack_info: &StackInfo,
-        function_section: &mut asm::Section<asm::Function>,
-    ) -> Result<(), ()> {
-        // .globl func_name
-        function_section
-            .header
-            .push(asm::Directive::Globl(asm::Label(stack_info.name.clone())));
-        // .type func_name, @function
-        function_section.header.push(asm::Directive::Type(
-            asm::Label(stack_info.name.clone()),
-            asm::SymbolType::Function,
-        ));
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn translate_init_block(
-        &self,
-        stack_info: &StackInfo,
-        function_section: &mut asm::Section<asm::Function>,
-    ) -> Result<(), ()> {
-        let mut instrs = Vec::new();
-        // addi sp, sp, -stack_size
-        instrs.push(asm::Instruction::IType {
-            instr: asm::IType::ADDI,
-            rd: asm::Register::Sp,
-            rs1: asm::Register::Sp,
-            imm: -(stack_info.stack_size as isize),
-        });
-        // sd ra, stack_offset_ra(sp)
-        instrs.push(asm::Instruction::SType {
-            instr: asm::SType::SD,
-            rs2: asm::Register::Ra,
-            rs1: asm::Register::Sp,
-            imm: stack_info.stack_offset_ra as isize,
-        });
-        // sd s0, stack_offset_s0(sp)
-        instrs.push(asm::Instruction::SType {
-            instr: asm::SType::SD,
-            rs2: asm::Register::S0,
-            rs1: asm::Register::Sp,
-            imm: stack_info.stack_offset_s0 as isize,
-        });
-        // addi s0, sp, stack_size
-        instrs.push(asm::Instruction::IType {
-            instr: asm::IType::ADDI,
-            rd: asm::Register::S0,
-            rs1: asm::Register::Sp,
-            imm: stack_info.stack_size as isize,
-        });
-
-        let enter_block = asm::Block::new(Some(asm::Label(stack_info.name.clone())), instrs);
-        function_section.body.blocks.push(enter_block);
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn translate_final_block(
-        &self,
-        stack_info: &StackInfo,
-        function_section: &mut asm::Section<asm::Function>,
-    ) -> Result<(), ()> {
-        let mut instrs = Vec::new();
-        // ld ra, stack_offset_ra(sp)
-        instrs.push(asm::Instruction::IType {
-            instr: asm::IType::LD,
-            rd: asm::Register::Ra,
-            rs1: asm::Register::Sp,
-            imm: stack_info.stack_offset_ra as isize,
-        });
-        // ld s0, stack_offset_s0(sp)
-        instrs.push(asm::Instruction::IType {
-            instr: asm::IType::LD,
-            rd: asm::Register::S0,
-            rs1: asm::Register::Sp,
-            imm: stack_info.stack_offset_s0 as isize,
-        });
-        // addi sp, sp, stack_size
-        instrs.push(asm::Instruction::IType {
-            instr: asm::IType::ADDI,
-            rd: asm::Register::Sp,
-            rs1: asm::Register::Sp,
-            imm: stack_info.stack_size as isize,
-        });
-        // jr ra
-        instrs.push(asm::Instruction::Pseudo(asm::Pseudo::Jr {
-            rs: asm::Register::Ra,
-        }));
-
-        let exit_label = asm::Label(format!(".{}_END", stack_info.name));
-        let exit_block = asm::Block::new(Some(exit_label), instrs);
-        function_section.body.blocks.push(exit_block);
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn translate_block(
-        &self,
-        stack_info: &StackInfo,
-        bid: ir::BlockId,
-        block: &ir::Block,
-        function_section: &mut asm::Section<asm::Function>,
-    ) -> Result<(), ()> {
-        let instrs_for_phinodes = block
-            .phinodes
-            .iter()
-            .map(|p| self.translate_phinode(stack_info, p.deref()))
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?
-            .into_iter()
-            .flatten()
-            .collect();
-        let instrs_for_instructions = block
-            .instructions
-            .iter()
-            .enumerate()
-            .map(|(iid, instr)| {
-                let dest_rid = ir::RegisterId::temp(bid, iid);
-                self.translate_instruction(stack_info, dest_rid, instr.deref())
-            })
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?
-            .into_iter()
-            .flatten()
-            .collect();
-        let instrs_for_block_exit = self.translate_block_exit(stack_info, &block.exit)?;
-
-        let instrs = vec![
-            instrs_for_phinodes,
-            instrs_for_instructions,
-            instrs_for_block_exit,
-        ]
-        .into_iter()
-        .flatten()
-        .collect();
-
-        let label = asm::Label::new(&stack_info.name, bid);
-        let block = asm::Block::new(Some(label), instrs);
-        function_section.body.blocks.push(block);
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn translate_phinode(
-        &self,
-        _stack_info: &StackInfo,
-        _phinode: &ir::Dtype,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<asm::Instruction>, ()> {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn translate_instruction(
-        &self,
-        stack_info: &StackInfo,
-        dest_rid: ir::RegisterId,
-        instruction: &ir::Instruction,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<asm::Instruction>, ()> {
-        let (mut instrs, rd) = match instruction {
-            ir::Instruction::Store { ptr, value } => {
-                let instrs = self.translate_store(stack_info, ptr, value)?;
-                return Ok(instrs);
-            }
-            ir::Instruction::Load { ptr } => self.translate_load(stack_info, ptr)?,
-            ir::Instruction::Call { callee, args, .. } => self.translate_call(callee, args)?,
-            _ => todo!(),
-        };
-
-        // Store `rd` into memory
-        let dtype = instruction.dtype();
-        let dist_s0_to_ptr = stack_info
-            .stack_offsets_registers
-            .get(&dest_rid)
-            .expect("address matched with `rid` must exist");
-        let store_instr = asm::SType::store(dtype);
-
-        instrs.push(asm::Instruction::SType {
-            instr: store_instr,
-            rs2: rd,
-            rs1: asm::Register::S0,
-            imm: -(*dist_s0_to_ptr as isize),
-        });
-
-        Ok(instrs)
-    }
-
-    fn translate_store(
-        &self,
-        stack_info: &StackInfo,
-        ptr: &ir::Operand,
-        value: &ir::Operand,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<asm::Instruction>, ()> {
-        let (instrs_for_value, reg_of_value) = self.translate_operand(stack_info, value)?;
-
-        let mut instrs = Vec::new();
-        let (rid, dtype) = ptr.get_register().expect("`ptr` must be register");
-        let dist_s0_to_ptr = stack_info
-            .stack_offsets_registers
-            .get(rid)
-            .expect("address matched with `rid` must exist");
-        let inner_dtype = dtype
-            .get_pointer_inner()
-            .expect("`dtype` must be pointer type");
-        let store_instr = asm::SType::store(inner_dtype.clone());
-
-        instrs.push(asm::Instruction::SType {
-            instr: store_instr,
-            rs2: reg_of_value,
-            rs1: asm::Register::S0,
-            imm: -(*dist_s0_to_ptr as isize),
-        });
-
-        let instrs = vec![instrs_for_value, instrs]
-            .into_iter()
-            .flatten()
-            .collect();
-        Ok(instrs)
-    }
-
-    fn translate_load(
-        &self,
-        stack_info: &StackInfo,
-        ptr: &ir::Operand,
-    ) -> Result<(Vec<asm::Instruction>, asm::Register), ()> {
-        let mut instrs = Vec::new();
-
-        let (rid, dtype) = ptr.get_register().expect("`ptr` must be register");
-        let dist_s0_to_ptr = stack_info
-            .stack_offsets_registers
-            .get(rid)
-            .expect("address matched with `rid` must exist");
-        let inner_dtype = dtype
-            .get_pointer_inner()
-            .expect("`dtype` must be pointer type");
-        let load_instr = asm::IType::load(inner_dtype.clone());
-
-        // TODO: select register which is not occupied
-        let rd = asm::Register::A5;
-        instrs.push(asm::Instruction::IType {
-            instr: load_instr,
-            rd,
-            rs1: asm::Register::S0,
-            imm: -(*dist_s0_to_ptr as isize),
-        });
-
-        Ok((instrs, rd))
-    }
-
-    fn translate_call(
-        &self,
-        callee: &ir::Operand,
-        _args: &[ir::Operand],
-    ) -> Result<(Vec<asm::Instruction>, asm::Register), ()> {
-        let mut instrs = Vec::new();
-
-        // TODO: translate pass the args
-
-        match callee {
-            ir::Operand::Constant(constant) => {
-                if let ir::Constant::GlobalVariable { name, dtype } = constant {
-                    assert!(dtype.get_function_inner().is_some());
-                    instrs.push(asm::Instruction::Pseudo(asm::Pseudo::Call {
-                        offset: asm::Label(name.clone()),
-                    }));
-                } else {
-                    panic!("`callee` must be `GlobalVariable`")
-                }
-            }
-            _ => todo!(),
-        }
-
-        // TODO: select register which is not occupied
-        let rd = asm::Register::A5;
-        instrs.push(asm::Instruction::Pseudo(asm::Pseudo::Mv {
-            rs: asm::Register::A0,
-            rd,
-        }));
-
-        Ok((instrs, rd))
-    }
-
-    fn translate_block_exit(
-        &self,
-        stack_info: &StackInfo,
-        block_exit: &ir::BlockExit,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<asm::Instruction>, ()> {
-        match block_exit {
-            ir::BlockExit::Return { value } => self.translate_return(stack_info, value),
-            _ => todo!(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn translate_return(
-        &self,
-        stack_info: &StackInfo,
-        value: &ir::Operand,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<asm::Instruction>, ()> {
-        let (instrs_for_value, rs) = self.translate_operand(stack_info, value)?;
-
-        let mut instrs = Vec::new();
-        instrs.push(asm::Instruction::Pseudo(asm::Pseudo::Mv {
-            rs,
-            rd: asm::Register::A0,
-        }));
-        // Jump to exit block
-        instrs.push(asm::Instruction::Pseudo(asm::Pseudo::J {
-            offset: asm::Label(format!(".{}_END", stack_info.name)),
-        }));
-
-        let instrs = vec![instrs_for_value, instrs]
-            .into_iter()
-            .flatten()
-            .collect();
-        Ok(instrs)
-    }
-
-    fn translate_operand(
-        &self,
-        stack_info: &StackInfo,
-        operand: &ir::Operand,
-    ) -> Result<(Vec<asm::Instruction>, asm::Register), ()> {
-        match operand {
-            ir::Operand::Constant(constant) => self.translate_constant(stack_info, constant),
-            ir::Operand::Register { rid, dtype } => self.translate_register(stack_info, rid, dtype),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn translate_constant(
-        &self,
-        _stack_info: &StackInfo,
-        constant: &ir::Constant,
-    ) -> Result<(Vec<asm::Instruction>, asm::Register), ()> {
-        let mut instrs = Vec::new();
-
-        match constant {
-            // TODO: consider width and signed option in the future
-            ir::Constant::Int { value, .. } => {
-                // TODO: select register which is not occupied
-                let rd = asm::Register::A5;
-                instrs.push(asm::Instruction::Pseudo(asm::Pseudo::Li {
-                    rd,
-                    imm: *value as isize,
-                }));
-                Ok((instrs, rd))
-            }
-            ir::Constant::Undef { .. } => {
-                // TODO: select register which is not occupied
-                Ok((instrs, asm::Register::A5))
-            }
-            _ => todo!(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn translate_register(
-        &self,
-        stack_info: &StackInfo,
-        rid: &ir::RegisterId,
-        dtype: &ir::Dtype,
-    ) -> Result<(Vec<asm::Instruction>, asm::Register), ()> {
-        let mut instrs = Vec::new();
-
-        let dist_s0_to_ptr = stack_info
-            .stack_offsets_registers
-            .get(rid)
-            .expect("address matched with `rid` must exist");
-        let load_instr = asm::IType::load(dtype.clone());
-
-        // TODO: select register which is not occupied
-        let rd = asm::Register::A5;
-        instrs.push(asm::Instruction::IType {
-            instr: load_instr,
-            rd,
-            rs1: asm::Register::S0,
-            imm: -(*dist_s0_to_ptr as isize),
-        });
-
-        Ok((instrs, rd))
     }
 }

src/ir/dtype.rs

@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ impl Dtype {
     pub const BITS_OF_BYTE: usize = 8;
     pub const SIZE_OF_BYTE: usize = 1;
     // TODO: consider architecture dependency in the future
-    pub const SIZE_OF_POINTER: usize = 4;
+    pub const SIZE_OF_POINTER: usize = 8;
 
     pub const SIZE_OF_CHAR: usize = 1;
     pub const SIZE_OF_SHORT: usize = 2;

src/opt/simplify_cfg.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@ use crate::ir::*;
 use crate::opt::FunctionPass;
 use crate::*;
 
-pub type SimplifyCfg =
+pub type SimplifyCfg = FunctionPass<
-    FunctionPass<Repeat<(SimplifyCfgConstProp, (SimplifyCfgReach, (SimplifyCfgMerge, SimplifyCfgEmpty)))>>;
+    Repeat<(
+        SimplifyCfgConstProp,
+        (SimplifyCfgReach, (SimplifyCfgMerge, SimplifyCfgEmpty)),
+    )>,
+>;
 
 /// Simplifies block exits by propagating constants.
 #[derive(Default)]

src/tests.rs

@@ -220,3 +220,139 @@ pub fn test_opt<P1: AsRef<Path>, P2: AsRef<Path>, O: Optimize<ir::TranslationUni
         panic!("[test_opt]");
     }
 }
+
+pub fn test_asmgen(unit: &TranslationUnit, path: &Path) {
+    // Check if the file has .c extension
+    assert_eq!(path.extension(), Some(std::ffi::OsStr::new("c")));
+
+    // Test parse
+    c::Parse::default()
+        .translate(&path)
+        .expect("failed to parse the given program");
+
+    let file_path = path.display().to_string();
+    let bin_path = path.with_extension("irgen").as_path().display().to_string();
+
+    // Compile c file: If fails, test is vacuously success
+    if !Command::new("gcc")
+        .args(&[
+            "-fsanitize=undefined",
+            "-fno-sanitize-recover=all",
+            "-O1",
+            &file_path,
+            "-o",
+            &bin_path,
+        ])
+        .stderr(Stdio::null())
+        .status()
+        .unwrap()
+        .success()
+    {
+        ::std::process::exit(SKIP_TEST);
+    }
+
+    // Execute compiled executable
+    let mut child = Command::new(fs::canonicalize(bin_path.clone()).unwrap())
+        .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+        .spawn()
+        .expect("failed to execute the compiled executable");
+
+    Command::new("rm")
+        .arg(bin_path)
+        .status()
+        .expect("failed to remove compiled executable");
+
+    let status = some_or!(
+        child
+            .wait_timeout_ms(500)
+            .expect("failed to obtain exit status from child process"),
+        {
+            println!("timeout occurs");
+            child.kill().unwrap();
+            child.wait().unwrap();
+            ::std::process::exit(SKIP_TEST);
+        }
+    );
+
+    if child
+        .stderr
+        .expect("`stderr` of `child` must be `Some`")
+        .bytes()
+        .next()
+        .is_some()
+    {
+        println!("error occurs");
+        ::std::process::exit(SKIP_TEST);
+    }
+
+    let gcc_status = some_or_exit!(status.code(), SKIP_TEST);
+
+    let ir = match Irgen::default().translate(unit) {
+        Ok(ir) => ir,
+        Err(irgen_error) => panic!("{}", irgen_error),
+    };
+
+    let asm = Asmgen::default()
+        .translate(&ir)
+        .expect("fail to create riscv assembly code");
+    let asm_path = path.with_extension("S").as_path().display().to_string();
+    let mut buffer = File::create(Path::new(&asm_path)).expect("need to success creating file");
+    write(&asm, &mut buffer).unwrap();
+
+    // Link to an RISC-V executable
+    let bin_path = path.with_extension("asm").as_path().display().to_string();
+    if !Command::new("riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc-10")
+        .args(&["-static", &asm_path, "-o", &bin_path])
+        .stderr(Stdio::null())
+        .status()
+        .unwrap()
+        .success()
+    {
+        ::std::process::exit(SKIP_TEST);
+    }
+
+    Command::new("rm")
+        .arg(asm_path)
+        .status()
+        .expect("failed to remove assembly code file");
+
+    // Emulate the executable
+    let mut child = Command::new("qemu-riscv64-static")
+        .args(&[&bin_path])
+        .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+        .spawn()
+        .expect("failed to execute the compiled executable");
+
+    Command::new("rm")
+        .arg(bin_path)
+        .status()
+        .expect("failed to remove compiled executable");
+
+    let status = some_or!(
+        child
+            .wait_timeout_ms(500)
+            .expect("failed to obtain exit status from child process"),
+        {
+            println!("timeout occurs");
+            child.kill().unwrap();
+            child.wait().unwrap();
+            ::std::process::exit(SKIP_TEST);
+        }
+    );
+
+    if child
+        .stderr
+        .expect("`stderr` of `child` must be `Some`")
+        .bytes()
+        .next()
+        .is_some()
+    {
+        println!("error occurs");
+        ::std::process::exit(SKIP_TEST);
+    }
+
+    let kecc_status = some_or_exit!(status.code(), SKIP_TEST);
+
+    println!("gcc: {}, kecc: {}", gcc_status, kecc_status);
+    assert_eq!(gcc_status, kecc_status);
+}

tests/test_examples.rs

@@ -101,3 +101,9 @@ fn test_examples_deadcode() {
         &mut Deadcode::default(),
     );
 }
+
+#[test]
+#[ignore]
+fn test_examples_asmgen() {
+    test_dir(Path::new("examples/asm"), &OsStr::new("c"), test_asmgen);
+}