Add fmt to kecc IR and Assembly (#7)

* Add fmt to kecc ir structs

* Add fmt for KECC asm

src/asm/mod.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 mod write_asm;
 
 use crate::ir;
+use crate::write_base::*;
 
 use core::convert::TryFrom;
+use core::fmt;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Todo {}
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ pub struct TranslationUnit {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Section<T> {
-    /// Section Headers provice size, offset, type, alignment and flags of the sections
+    /// Section Headers provide size, offset, type, alignment and flags of the sections
     ///
     /// For more details: <https://github.com/michaeljclark/michaeljclark.github.io/blob/master/asm.md#section-header>
     pub header: Vec<Directive>,
@@ -115,6 +117,24 @@ impl Directive {
     }
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for Directive {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Align(value) => write!(f, ".align\t{}", value),
+            Self::Globl(label) => write!(f, ".globl\t{}", label),
+            Self::Type(symbol, symbol_type) => {
+                write!(f, ".type\t{}, {}", symbol, symbol_type)
+            }
+            Self::Section(section_type) => write!(f, ".section\t{}", section_type),
+            Self::Byte(value) => write!(f, ".byte\t{:#x?}", value),
+            Self::Half(value) => write!(f, ".half\t{:#x?}", value),
+            Self::Word(value) => write!(f, ".word\t{:#x?}", value),
+            Self::Quad(value) => write!(f, ".quad\t{:#x?}", value),
+            Self::Zero(bytes) => write!(f, ".zero\t{:#x?}", bytes),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum SectionType {
     Text,
@@ -123,12 +143,40 @@ pub enum SectionType {
     Bss,
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for SectionType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{}",
+            match self {
+                Self::Text => ".text",
+                Self::Data => ".data",
+                Self::Rodata => ".rodata",
+                Self::Bss => ".bss",
+            }
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum SymbolType {
     Function,
     Object,
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for SymbolType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{}",
+            match self {
+                Self::Function => "@function",
+                Self::Object => "@object",
+            }
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum Instruction {
     /// R-type instruction format
@@ -175,6 +223,66 @@ pub enum Instruction {
     Pseudo(Pseudo),
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for Instruction {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::RType {
+                instr,
+                rd,
+                rs1,
+                rs2,
+            } => {
+                let rounding_mode = if let RType::FcvtFloatToInt { .. } = instr {
+                    ",rtz"
+                } else {
+                    ""
+                }
+                .to_string();
+
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "{}\t{},{}{}{}",
+                    instr,
+                    rd,
+                    rs1,
+                    if let Some(rs2) = rs2 {
+                        format!(",{}", rs2)
+                    } else {
+                        "".to_string()
+                    },
+                    rounding_mode
+                )
+            }
+            Self::IType {
+                instr,
+                rd,
+                rs1,
+                imm,
+            } => {
+                if let IType::Load { .. } = instr {
+                    write!(f, "{}\t{},{}({})", instr, rd, imm, rs1)
+                } else {
+                    write!(f, "{}\t{},{},{}", instr, rd, rs1, imm,)
+                }
+            }
+            Self::SType {
+                instr,
+                rs1,
+                rs2,
+                imm,
+            } => write!(f, "{}\t{},{}({})", instr, rs2, imm, rs1),
+            Self::BType {
+                instr,
+                rs1,
+                rs2,
+                imm,
+            } => write!(f, "{}\t{},{}, {}", instr, rs1, rs2, imm.0,),
+            Self::UType { instr, rd, imm } => write!(f, "{}\t{}, {}", instr, rd, imm,),
+            Self::Pseudo(pseudo) => write!(f, "{}", pseudo),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// If the enum variant contains `bool`,
 /// It means that different instructions exist
 /// depending on whether the operand is signed or not.
@@ -405,6 +513,114 @@ impl RType {
     }
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for RType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Add(data_size) => write!(f, "add{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
+            Self::Sub(data_size) => write!(f, "sub{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
+            Self::Sll(data_size) => write!(f, "sll{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
+            Self::Srl(data_size) => write!(f, "srl{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
+            Self::Sra(data_size) => write!(f, "sra{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
+            Self::Mul(data_size) => write!(f, "mul{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
+            Self::Div {
+                data_size,
+                is_signed,
+            } => write!(
+                f,
+                "div{}{}",
+                if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" },
+                data_size.word().write_string()
+            ),
+            Self::Rem {
+                data_size,
+                is_signed,
+            } => write!(
+                f,
+                "rem{}{}",
+                if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" },
+                data_size.word().write_string()
+            ),
+            Self::Slt { is_signed } => write!(f, "slt{}", if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" }),
+            Self::Xor => write!(f, "xor"),
+            Self::Or => write!(f, "or"),
+            Self::And => write!(f, "and"),
+            Self::Fadd(data_size) => write!(f, "fadd.{}", data_size),
+            Self::Fsub(data_size) => write!(f, "fsub.{}", data_size),
+            Self::Fmul(data_size) => write!(f, "fmul.{}", data_size),
+            Self::Fdiv(data_size) => write!(f, "fdiv.{}", data_size),
+            Self::Feq(data_size) => write!(f, "feq.{}", data_size),
+            Self::Flt(data_size) => write!(f, "flt.{}", data_size),
+            Self::FmvFloatToInt { float_data_size } => {
+                assert!(float_data_size.is_floating_point());
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "fmv.x.{}",
+                    if *float_data_size == DataSize::SinglePrecision {
+                        "w"
+                    } else {
+                        "d"
+                    }
+                )
+            }
+            Self::FmvIntToFloat { float_data_size } => {
+                assert!(float_data_size.is_floating_point());
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "fmv.{}.x",
+                    if *float_data_size == DataSize::SinglePrecision {
+                        "w"
+                    } else {
+                        "d"
+                    }
+                )
+            }
+            Self::FcvtFloatToInt {
+                float_data_size,
+                int_data_size,
+                is_signed,
+            } => {
+                assert!(float_data_size.is_floating_point());
+                assert!(matches!(int_data_size, DataSize::Word | DataSize::Double));
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "fcvt.{}{}.{}",
+                    if matches!(int_data_size, DataSize::Word) {
+                        "w"
+                    } else {
+                        "l"
+                    },
+                    if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" },
+                    float_data_size
+                )
+            }
+            Self::FcvtIntToFloat {
+                int_data_size,
+                float_data_size,
+                is_signed,
+            } => {
+                assert!(float_data_size.is_floating_point());
+                assert!(matches!(int_data_size, DataSize::Word | DataSize::Double));
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "fcvt.{}.{}{}",
+                    float_data_size,
+                    if matches!(int_data_size, DataSize::Word) {
+                        "w"
+                    } else {
+                        "l"
+                    },
+                    if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" }
+                )
+            }
+            Self::FcvtFloatToFloat { from, to } => {
+                assert!(from.is_floating_point());
+                assert!(to.is_floating_point());
+                write!(f, "fcvt.{}.{}", to, from)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum IType {
     Load {
@@ -481,6 +697,39 @@ impl IType {
     }
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for IType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Load {
+                data_size,
+                is_signed,
+            } => {
+                if data_size.is_integer() {
+                    write!(f, "l{}{}", data_size, if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" })
+                } else {
+                    write!(
+                        f,
+                        "fl{}",
+                        if *data_size == DataSize::SinglePrecision {
+                            "w"
+                        } else {
+                            "d"
+                        }
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+            Self::Addi(data_size) => write!(f, "addi{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
+            Self::Xori => write!(f, "xori"),
+            Self::Ori => write!(f, "ori"),
+            Self::Andi => write!(f, "andi"),
+            Self::Slli(data_size) => write!(f, "slli{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
+            Self::Srli(data_size) => write!(f, "srli{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
+            Self::Srai(data_size) => write!(f, "srai{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
+            Self::Slti { is_signed } => write!(f, "slti{}", if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" }),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum SType {
     Store(DataSize),
@@ -497,6 +746,28 @@ impl SType {
     }
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for SType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Store(data_size) => {
+                if data_size.is_integer() {
+                    write!(f, "s{}", data_size)
+                } else {
+                    write!(
+                        f,
+                        "fs{}",
+                        if *data_size == DataSize::SinglePrecision {
+                            "w"
+                        } else {
+                            "d"
+                        }
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum BType {
     Beq,
@@ -505,11 +776,34 @@ pub enum BType {
     Bge { is_signed: bool },
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for BType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{}",
+            match self {
+                Self::Beq => "beq".to_string(),
+                Self::Bne => "bne".to_string(),
+                Self::Blt { is_signed } => format!("blt{}", if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" }),
+                Self::Bge { is_signed } => format!("bge{}", if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" }),
+            }
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum UType {
     Lui,
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for UType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Lui => write!(f, "lui"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// The assembler implements a number of convenience psuedo-instructions that are formed from
 /// instructions in the base ISA, but have implicit arguments or in some case reversed arguments,
 /// that result in distinct semantics.
@@ -583,6 +877,31 @@ impl Pseudo {
     }
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for Pseudo {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::La { rd, symbol } => write!(f, "la\t{},{}", rd, symbol),
+            Self::Li { rd, imm } => write!(f, "li\t{},{}", rd, *imm as i64),
+            Self::Mv { rd, rs } => write!(f, "mv\t{},{}", rd, rs),
+            Self::Fmv { data_size, rd, rs } => write!(f, "fmv.{}\t{},{}", data_size, rd, rs),
+            Self::Neg { data_size, rd, rs } => {
+                write!(f, "neg{}\t{},{}", data_size.word().write_string(), rd, rs)
+            }
+            Self::SextW { rs, rd } => {
+                write!(f, "sext.w\t{},{}", rd, rs)
+            }
+            Self::Seqz { rd, rs } => write!(f, "seqz\t{},{}", rd, rs),
+            Self::Snez { rd, rs } => write!(f, "snez\t{},{}", rd, rs),
+            Self::Fneg { data_size, rd, rs } => write!(f, "fneg.{}\t{},{}", data_size, rd, rs),
+            Self::J { offset } => write!(f, "j\t{}", offset),
+            Self::Jr { rs } => write!(f, "jr\t{}", rs),
+            Self::Jalr { rs } => write!(f, "jalr\t{}", rs),
+            Self::Ret => write!(f, "ret"),
+            Self::Call { offset } => write!(f, "call\t{}", offset),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum Immediate {
     // TODO: consider architecture dependency (current: 64-bit architecture)
@@ -600,6 +919,21 @@ impl Immediate {
     }
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for Immediate {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{}",
+            match self {
+                Self::Value(value) => format!("{}", *value as i64),
+                Self::Relocation { relocation, symbol } => {
+                    format!("{}({})", relocation, symbol)
+                }
+            }
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 /// The relocation function creates synthesize operand values that are resolved
 /// at program link time and are used as immediate parameters to specific instructions.
 ///
@@ -612,6 +946,19 @@ pub enum RelocationFunction {
     Lo12,
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for RelocationFunction {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{}",
+            match self {
+                Self::Hi20 => "%hi",
+                Self::Lo12 => "%lo",
+            }
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 /// `Label` is used as branch, unconditional jump targets and symbol offsets.
 ///
 /// For more details: <https://github.com/michaeljclark/michaeljclark.github.io/blob/master/asm.md#labels>
@@ -625,6 +972,12 @@ impl Label {
     }
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for Label {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.0)
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum DataSize {
     Byte,
@@ -684,6 +1037,23 @@ impl DataSize {
     }
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for DataSize {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{}",
+            match self {
+                Self::Byte => "b",
+                Self::Half => "h",
+                Self::Word => "w",
+                Self::Double => "d",
+                Self::SinglePrecision => "s",
+                Self::DoublePrecision => "d",
+            }
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 // TODO: Add calling convention information (caller/callee-save registers)
 /// ABI name for RISC-V integer and floating-point register
 ///
@@ -789,8 +1159,37 @@ impl Register {
     }
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for Register {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        let register = match self {
+            Self::Zero => "zero".to_string(),
+            Self::Ra => "ra".to_string(),
+            Self::Sp => "sp".to_string(),
+            Self::Gp => "gp".to_string(),
+            Self::Tp => "tp".to_string(),
+            Self::Temp(register_type, id) => format!("{}t{}", register_type, id),
+            Self::Saved(register_type, id) => format!("{}s{}", register_type, id),
+            Self::Arg(register_type, id) => format!("{}a{}", register_type, id),
+        };
+        write!(f, "{}", register)
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Copy)]
 pub enum RegisterType {
     Integer,
     FloatingPoint,
 }
+
+impl fmt::Display for RegisterType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{}",
+            match self {
+                Self::FloatingPoint => "f",
+                Self::Integer => "",
+            },
+        )
+    }
+}

src/asm/write_asm.rs

@@ -76,418 +76,84 @@ impl WriteLine for Block {
 
 impl WriteString for Directive {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Self::Align(value) => format!(".align\t{}", value),
-            Self::Globl(label) => format!(".globl\t{}", label.0),
-            Self::Type(symbol, symbol_type) => {
-                format!(".type\t{}, {}", symbol.0, symbol_type.write_string())
-            }
-            Self::Section(section_type) => format!(".section\t{}", section_type.write_string()),
-            Self::Byte(value) => format!(".byte\t{:#x?}", value),
-            Self::Half(value) => format!(".half\t{:#x?}", value),
-            Self::Word(value) => format!(".word\t{:#x?}", value),
-            Self::Quad(value) => format!(".quad\t{:#x?}", value),
-            Self::Zero(bytes) => format!(".zero\t{:#x?}", bytes),
-        }
+        format!("{}", self)
     }
 }
 
 impl WriteString for SectionType {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Self::Text => ".text",
-            Self::Data => ".data",
-            Self::Rodata => ".rodata",
-            Self::Bss => ".bss",
-        }
-        .to_string()
+        format!("{}", self)
     }
 }
 
 impl WriteString for SymbolType {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Self::Function => "@function",
-            Self::Object => "@object",
-        }
-        .to_string()
+        format!("{}", self)
     }
 }
 
 impl WriteString for Instruction {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Self::RType {
-                instr,
-                rd,
-                rs1,
-                rs2,
-            } => {
-                let rounding_mode = if let RType::FcvtFloatToInt { .. } = instr {
-                    ",rtz"
-                } else {
-                    ""
-                }
-                .to_string();
-
-                format!(
-                    "{}\t{},{}{}{}",
-                    instr.write_string(),
-                    rd.write_string(),
-                    rs1.write_string(),
-                    if let Some(rs2) = rs2 {
-                        format!(",{}", rs2.write_string())
-                    } else {
-                        "".to_string()
-                    },
-                    rounding_mode
-                )
-            }
-            Self::IType {
-                instr,
-                rd,
-                rs1,
-                imm,
-            } => {
-                if let IType::Load { .. } = instr {
-                    format!(
-                        "{}\t{},{}({})",
-                        instr.write_string(),
-                        rd.write_string(),
-                        imm.write_string(),
-                        rs1.write_string()
-                    )
-                } else {
-                    format!(
-                        "{}\t{},{},{}",
-                        instr.write_string(),
-                        rd.write_string(),
-                        rs1.write_string(),
-                        imm.write_string(),
-                    )
-                }
-            }
-            Self::SType {
-                instr,
-                rs1,
-                rs2,
-                imm,
-            } => format!(
-                "{}\t{},{}({})",
-                instr.write_string(),
-                rs2.write_string(),
-                imm.write_string(),
-                rs1.write_string()
-            ),
-            Self::BType {
-                instr,
-                rs1,
-                rs2,
-                imm,
-            } => format!(
-                "{}\t{},{}, {}",
-                instr.write_string(),
-                rs1.write_string(),
-                rs2.write_string(),
-                imm.0,
-            ),
-            Self::UType { instr, rd, imm } => format!(
-                "{}\t{}, {}",
-                instr.write_string(),
-                rd.write_string(),
-                imm.write_string(),
-            ),
-            Self::Pseudo(pseudo) => pseudo.write_string(),
-        }
+        format!("{}", self)
     }
 }
 
 impl WriteString for RType {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Self::Add(data_size) => format!("add{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
-            Self::Sub(data_size) => format!("sub{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
-            Self::Sll(data_size) => format!("sll{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
-            Self::Srl(data_size) => format!("srl{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
-            Self::Sra(data_size) => format!("sra{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
-            Self::Mul(data_size) => format!("mul{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
-            Self::Div {
-                data_size,
-                is_signed,
-            } => format!(
-                "div{}{}",
-                if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" },
-                data_size.word().write_string()
-            ),
-            Self::Rem {
-                data_size,
-                is_signed,
-            } => format!(
-                "rem{}{}",
-                if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" },
-                data_size.word().write_string()
-            ),
-            Self::Slt { is_signed } => format!("slt{}", if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" }),
-            Self::Xor => "xor".to_string(),
-            Self::Or => "or".to_string(),
-            Self::And => "and".to_string(),
-            Self::Fadd(data_size) => format!("fadd.{}", data_size.write_string()),
-            Self::Fsub(data_size) => format!("fsub.{}", data_size.write_string()),
-            Self::Fmul(data_size) => format!("fmul.{}", data_size.write_string()),
-            Self::Fdiv(data_size) => format!("fdiv.{}", data_size.write_string()),
-            Self::Feq(data_size) => format!("feq.{}", data_size.write_string()),
-            Self::Flt(data_size) => format!("flt.{}", data_size.write_string()),
-            Self::FmvFloatToInt { float_data_size } => {
-                assert!(float_data_size.is_floating_point());
-                format!(
-                    "fmv.x.{}",
-                    if *float_data_size == DataSize::SinglePrecision {
-                        "w"
-                    } else {
-                        "d"
-                    }
-                )
-            }
-            Self::FmvIntToFloat { float_data_size } => {
-                assert!(float_data_size.is_floating_point());
-                format!(
-                    "fmv.{}.x",
-                    if *float_data_size == DataSize::SinglePrecision {
-                        "w"
-                    } else {
-                        "d"
-                    }
-                )
-            }
-            Self::FcvtFloatToInt {
-                float_data_size,
-                int_data_size,
-                is_signed,
-            } => {
-                assert!(float_data_size.is_floating_point());
-                assert!(matches!(int_data_size, DataSize::Word | DataSize::Double));
-                format!(
-                    "fcvt.{}{}.{}",
-                    if matches!(int_data_size, DataSize::Word) {
-                        "w"
-                    } else {
-                        "l"
-                    },
-                    if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" },
-                    float_data_size.write_string()
-                )
-            }
-            Self::FcvtIntToFloat {
-                int_data_size,
-                float_data_size,
-                is_signed,
-            } => {
-                assert!(float_data_size.is_floating_point());
-                assert!(matches!(int_data_size, DataSize::Word | DataSize::Double));
-                format!(
-                    "fcvt.{}.{}{}",
-                    float_data_size.write_string(),
-                    if matches!(int_data_size, DataSize::Word) {
-                        "w"
-                    } else {
-                        "l"
-                    },
-                    if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" }
-                )
-            }
-            Self::FcvtFloatToFloat { from, to } => {
-                assert!(from.is_floating_point());
-                assert!(to.is_floating_point());
-                format!("fcvt.{}.{}", to.write_string(), from.write_string())
-            }
-        }
+        format!("{}", self)
     }
 }
 
 impl WriteString for IType {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Self::Load {
-                data_size,
-                is_signed,
-            } => {
-                if data_size.is_integer() {
-                    format!(
-                        "l{}{}",
-                        data_size.write_string(),
-                        if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" }
-                    )
-                } else {
-                    format!(
-                        "fl{}",
-                        if *data_size == DataSize::SinglePrecision {
-                            "w"
-                        } else {
-                            "d"
-                        }
-                    )
-                }
-            }
-            Self::Addi(data_size) => format!("addi{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
-            Self::Xori => "xori".to_string(),
-            Self::Ori => "ori".to_string(),
-            Self::Andi => "andi".to_string(),
-            Self::Slli(data_size) => format!("slli{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
-            Self::Srli(data_size) => format!("srli{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
-            Self::Srai(data_size) => format!("srai{}", data_size.word().write_string()),
-            Self::Slti { is_signed } => format!("slti{}", if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" }),
-        }
+        format!("{}", self)
     }
 }
 
 impl WriteString for SType {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Self::Store(data_size) => {
-                if data_size.is_integer() {
-                    format!("s{}", data_size.write_string())
-                } else {
-                    format!(
-                        "fs{}",
-                        if *data_size == DataSize::SinglePrecision {
-                            "w"
-                        } else {
-                            "d"
-                        }
-                    )
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        format!("{}", self)
     }
 }
 
 impl WriteString for BType {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Self::Beq => "beq".to_string(),
-            Self::Bne => "bne".to_string(),
-            Self::Blt { is_signed } => format!("blt{}", if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" }),
-            Self::Bge { is_signed } => format!("bge{}", if *is_signed { "" } else { "u" }),
-        }
+        format!("{}", self)
     }
 }
 
 impl WriteString for UType {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Self::Lui => "lui".to_string(),
-        }
+        format!("{}", self)
     }
 }
 
 impl WriteString for Pseudo {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Self::La { rd, symbol } => format!("la\t{},{}", rd.write_string(), symbol.0),
-            Self::Li { rd, imm } => format!("li\t{},{}", rd.write_string(), *imm as i64),
-            Self::Mv { rd, rs } => format!("mv\t{},{}", rd.write_string(), rs.write_string()),
-            Self::Fmv { data_size, rd, rs } => format!(
-                "fmv.{}\t{},{}",
-                data_size.write_string(),
-                rd.write_string(),
-                rs.write_string()
-            ),
-            Self::Neg { data_size, rd, rs } => format!(
-                "neg{}\t{},{}",
-                data_size.word().write_string(),
-                rd.write_string(),
-                rs.write_string()
-            ),
-            Self::SextW { rs, rd } => {
-                format!("sext.w\t{},{}", rd.write_string(), rs.write_string())
-            }
-            Self::Seqz { rd, rs } => format!("seqz\t{},{}", rd.write_string(), rs.write_string()),
-            Self::Snez { rd, rs } => format!("snez\t{},{}", rd.write_string(), rs.write_string()),
-            Self::Fneg { data_size, rd, rs } => format!(
-                "fneg.{}\t{},{}",
-                data_size.write_string(),
-                rd.write_string(),
-                rs.write_string()
-            ),
-            Self::J { offset } => format!("j\t{}", offset.0),
-            Self::Jr { rs } => format!("jr\t{}", rs.write_string()),
-            Self::Jalr { rs } => format!("jalr\t{}", rs.write_string()),
-            Self::Ret => "ret".to_string(),
-            Self::Call { offset } => format!("call\t{}", offset.0),
-        }
+        format!("{}", self)
     }
 }
 
 impl WriteString for Immediate {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Self::Value(value) => format!("{}", *value as i64),
-            Self::Relocation { relocation, symbol } => {
-                format!("{}({})", relocation.write_string(), symbol.0)
-            }
-        }
+        format!("{}", self)
     }
 }
 
 impl WriteString for RelocationFunction {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Self::Hi20 => "%hi",
-            Self::Lo12 => "%lo",
-        }
-        .to_string()
+        format!("{}", self)
     }
 }
 
 impl WriteString for DataSize {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Self::Byte => "b",
-            Self::Half => "h",
-            Self::Word => "w",
-            Self::Double => "d",
-            Self::SinglePrecision => "s",
-            Self::DoublePrecision => "d",
-        }
-        .to_string()
+        format!("{}", self)
     }
 }
 
 impl WriteString for Register {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Self::Zero => "zero".to_string(),
-            Self::Ra => "ra".to_string(),
-            Self::Sp => "sp".to_string(),
-            Self::Gp => "gp".to_string(),
-            Self::Tp => "tp".to_string(),
-            Self::Temp(registr_type, id) => format!(
-                "{}t{}",
-                if *registr_type == RegisterType::FloatingPoint {
-                    "f"
-                } else {
-                    ""
-                },
-                id
-            ),
-            Self::Saved(registr_type, id) => format!(
-                "{}s{}",
-                if *registr_type == RegisterType::FloatingPoint {
-                    "f"
-                } else {
-                    ""
-                },
-                id
-            ),
-            Self::Arg(registr_type, id) => format!(
-                "{}a{}",
-                if *registr_type == RegisterType::FloatingPoint {
-                    "f"
-                } else {
-                    ""
-                },
-                id
-            ),
-        }
+        format!("{}", self)
     }
 }

src/ir/dtype.rs

@@ -1366,21 +1366,17 @@ impl fmt::Display for Dtype {
                 ..
             } => {
                 let fields = if let Some(fields) = fields {
-                    let fields = fields
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|f| {
-                            format!(
-                                "{}:{}",
-                                if let Some(name) = f.name() {
-                                    name
-                                } else {
-                                    "%anon"
-                                },
-                                f.deref()
-                            )
-                        })
-                        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                        .join(", ");
+                    let fields = fields.iter().format_with(", ", |field, f| {
+                        f(&format_args!(
+                            "{}:{}",
+                            if let Some(name) = field.name() {
+                                name
+                            } else {
+                                "%anon"
+                            },
+                            field.deref()
+                        ))
+                    });
                     format!(":<{}>", fields)
                 } else {
                     "".to_string()
@@ -1393,16 +1389,9 @@ impl fmt::Display for Dtype {
                     fields
                 )
             }
-            Self::Function { ret, params } => write!(
-                f,
-                "[ret:{} params:({})]",
-                ret,
-                params
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|p| p.to_string())
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                    .join(", ")
-            ),
+            Self::Function { ret, params } => {
+                write!(f, "[ret:{} params:({})]", ret, params.iter().format(", "))
+            }
             Self::Typedef { name, is_const } => {
                 write!(f, "{}{}", if *is_const { "const " } else { "" }, name)
             }

src/ir/mod.rs

@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@ use core::convert::TryFrom;
 use core::fmt;
 use core::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 use hexf_parse::{parse_hexf32, parse_hexf64};
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use lang_c::ast;
 use ordered_float::OrderedFloat;
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
 use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 
+use crate::write_base::*;
 pub use dtype::{Dtype, DtypeError, HasDtype};
 pub use interp::{interp, Value};
 pub use parse::Parse;
@@ -257,6 +259,96 @@ impl Instruction {
     }
 }
 
+impl WriteOp for ast::BinaryOperator {
+    fn write_operation(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Multiply => "mul",
+            Self::Divide => "div",
+            Self::Modulo => "mod",
+            Self::Plus => "add",
+            Self::Minus => "sub",
+            Self::ShiftLeft => "shl",
+            Self::ShiftRight => "shr",
+            Self::Equals => "cmp eq",
+            Self::NotEquals => "cmp ne",
+            Self::Less => "cmp lt",
+            Self::LessOrEqual => "cmp le",
+            Self::Greater => "cmp gt",
+            Self::GreaterOrEqual => "cmp ge",
+            Self::BitwiseAnd => "and",
+            Self::BitwiseXor => "xor",
+            Self::BitwiseOr => "or",
+            _ => todo!(
+                "ast::BinaryOperator::WriteOp: write operation for {:?} is needed",
+                self
+            ),
+        }
+        .to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+impl WriteOp for ast::UnaryOperator {
+    fn write_operation(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Plus => "plus",
+            Self::Minus => "minus",
+            Self::Negate => "negate",
+            _ => todo!(
+                "ast::UnaryOperator::WriteOp: write operation for {:?} is needed",
+                self
+            ),
+        }
+        .to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Instruction {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Instruction::Nop => write!(f, "nop"),
+            Instruction::BinOp { op, lhs, rhs, .. } => {
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "{} {} {}",
+                    op.write_operation(),
+                    lhs.write_string(),
+                    rhs.write_string()
+                )
+            }
+            Instruction::UnaryOp { op, operand, .. } => {
+                write!(f, "{} {}", op.write_operation(), operand.write_string())
+            }
+            Instruction::Store { ptr, value } => {
+                write!(f, "store {} {}", value.write_string(), ptr.write_string())
+            }
+            Instruction::Load { ptr } => write!(f, "load {}", ptr.write_string()),
+            Instruction::Call { callee, args, .. } => {
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "call {}({})",
+                    callee.write_string(),
+                    args.iter().format_with(", ", |operand, f| f(&format_args!(
+                        "{}",
+                        operand.write_string()
+                    )))
+                )
+            }
+            Instruction::TypeCast {
+                value,
+                target_dtype,
+            } => write!(f, "typecast {} to {}", value.write_string(), target_dtype),
+            Instruction::GetElementPtr { ptr, offset, .. } => {
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "getelementptr {} offset {}",
+                    ptr.write_string(),
+                    offset.write_string()
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub enum BlockExit {
     Jump {
@@ -302,6 +394,43 @@ impl BlockExit {
     }
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for BlockExit {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            BlockExit::Jump { arg } => write!(f, "j {}", arg),
+            BlockExit::ConditionalJump {
+                condition,
+                arg_then,
+                arg_else,
+            } => write!(
+                f,
+                "br {}, {}, {}",
+                condition.write_string(),
+                arg_then,
+                arg_else
+            ),
+            BlockExit::Switch {
+                value,
+                default,
+                cases,
+            } => write!(
+                f,
+                "switch {} default {} [\n{}\n  ]",
+                value.write_string(),
+                default,
+                cases.iter().format_with("\n", |(v, b), f| f(&format_args!(
+                    "    {}:{} {}",
+                    v,
+                    v.dtype(),
+                    b
+                )))
+            ),
+            BlockExit::Return { value } => write!(f, "ret {}", value.write_string()),
+            BlockExit::Unreachable => write!(f, "<unreachable>\t\t\t\t; error state"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct JumpArg {
     pub bid: BlockId,
@@ -322,9 +451,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for JumpArg {
             self.bid,
             self.args
                 .iter()
-                .map(|a| format!("{}:{}", a, a.dtype()))
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                .join(", ")
+                .format_with(", ", |a, f| f(&format_args!("{}:{}", a, a.dtype())))
         )
     }
 }
@@ -880,3 +1007,9 @@ impl<T> Named<T> {
         self.name.as_ref()
     }
 }
+
+impl<T: fmt::Display> fmt::Display for Named<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.inner)
+    }
+}

src/ir/write_ir.rs

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ use std::io::{Result, Write};
 use crate::write_base::*;
 use crate::*;
 
-use lang_c::ast;
-
 impl WriteLine for TranslationUnit {
     fn write_line(&self, indent: usize, write: &mut dyn Write) -> Result<()> {
         // TODO: consider KECC IR parser in the future.
@@ -18,21 +16,17 @@ impl WriteLine for TranslationUnit {
                     .as_ref()
                     .expect("`fields` must be `Some`");
 
-                let fields = fields
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|f| {
-                        format!(
-                            "{}:{}",
-                            if let Some(name) = f.name() {
-                                name
-                            } else {
-                                "%anon"
-                            },
-                            f.deref()
-                        )
-                    })
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                    .join(", ");
+                let fields = fields.iter().format_with(", ", |field, f| {
+                    f(&format_args!(
+                        "{}:{}",
+                        if let Some(name) = field.name() {
+                            name
+                        } else {
+                            "%anon"
+                        },
+                        field.deref()
+                    ))
+                });
 
                 format!("{{ {} }}", fields)
             } else {
@@ -80,12 +74,7 @@ impl WriteLine for (&String, &Declaration) {
                 signature,
                 definition,
             } => {
-                let params = signature
-                    .params
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|p| p.to_string())
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                    .join(", ");
+                let params = signature.params.iter().format(", ");
 
                 if let Some(definition) = definition.as_ref() {
                     // print function definition
@@ -99,7 +88,7 @@ impl WriteLine for (&String, &Declaration) {
                             .allocations
                             .iter()
                             .enumerate()
-                            .map(|(i, a)| format!(
+                            .format_with("\n", |(i, a), f| f(&format_args!(
                                 "    %l{}:{}{}",
                                 i,
                                 a.deref(),
@@ -108,9 +97,7 @@ impl WriteLine for (&String, &Declaration) {
                                 } else {
                                     "".into()
                                 }
-                            ))
-                            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                            .join("\n")
+                            )))
                     )?;
 
                     for (id, block) in &definition.blocks {
@@ -173,39 +160,7 @@ impl WriteLine for (&BlockId, &Block) {
 
 impl WriteString for Instruction {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Instruction::Nop => "nop".into(),
-            Instruction::BinOp { op, lhs, rhs, .. } => format!(
-                "{} {} {}",
-                op.write_operation(),
-                lhs.write_string(),
-                rhs.write_string()
-            ),
-            Instruction::UnaryOp { op, operand, .. } => {
-                format!("{} {}", op.write_operation(), operand.write_string(),)
-            }
-            Instruction::Store { ptr, value } => {
-                format!("store {} {}", value.write_string(), ptr.write_string())
-            }
-            Instruction::Load { ptr } => format!("load {}", ptr.write_string()),
-            Instruction::Call { callee, args, .. } => format!(
-                "call {}({})",
-                callee.write_string(),
-                args.iter()
-                    .map(WriteString::write_string)
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                    .join(", ")
-            ),
-            Instruction::TypeCast {
-                value,
-                target_dtype,
-            } => format!("typecast {} to {}", value.write_string(), target_dtype),
-            Instruction::GetElementPtr { ptr, offset, .. } => format!(
-                "getelementptr {} offset {}",
-                ptr.write_string(),
-                offset.write_string()
-            ),
-        }
+        format!("{}", self)
     }
 }
 
@@ -215,79 +170,8 @@ impl WriteString for Operand {
     }
 }
 
-impl WriteOp for ast::BinaryOperator {
-    fn write_operation(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Self::Multiply => "mul",
-            Self::Divide => "div",
-            Self::Modulo => "mod",
-            Self::Plus => "add",
-            Self::Minus => "sub",
-            Self::ShiftLeft => "shl",
-            Self::ShiftRight => "shr",
-            Self::Equals => "cmp eq",
-            Self::NotEquals => "cmp ne",
-            Self::Less => "cmp lt",
-            Self::LessOrEqual => "cmp le",
-            Self::Greater => "cmp gt",
-            Self::GreaterOrEqual => "cmp ge",
-            Self::BitwiseAnd => "and",
-            Self::BitwiseXor => "xor",
-            Self::BitwiseOr => "or",
-            _ => todo!(
-                "ast::BinaryOperator::WriteOp: write operation for {:?} is needed",
-                self
-            ),
-        }
-        .to_string()
-    }
-}
-
-impl WriteOp for ast::UnaryOperator {
-    fn write_operation(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Self::Plus => "plus",
-            Self::Minus => "minus",
-            Self::Negate => "negate",
-            _ => todo!(
-                "ast::UnaryOperator::WriteOp: write operation for {:?} is needed",
-                self
-            ),
-        }
-        .to_string()
-    }
-}
-
 impl WriteString for BlockExit {
     fn write_string(&self) -> String {
-        match self {
-            BlockExit::Jump { arg } => format!("j {}", arg),
-            BlockExit::ConditionalJump {
-                condition,
-                arg_then,
-                arg_else,
-            } => format!(
-                "br {}, {}, {}",
-                condition.write_string(),
-                arg_then,
-                arg_else
-            ),
-            BlockExit::Switch {
-                value,
-                default,
-                cases,
-            } => format!(
-                "switch {} default {} [\n{}\n  ]",
-                value.write_string(),
-                default,
-                cases
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|(v, b)| format!("    {}:{} {}", v, v.dtype(), b))
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                    .join("\n")
-            ),
-            BlockExit::Return { value } => format!("ret {}", value.write_string()),
-            BlockExit::Unreachable => "<unreachable>\t\t\t\t; error state".to_string(),
-        }
+        format!("{}", self)
     }
 }